Table 4.
Effects of sociodemographic variables, practice, work environment, job satisfaction, preparedness and concerns on overall emotional distress (DASS-21) during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1505).
| Variables | Overall Emotional Distress (DASS-21) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | aOR | 95% C.I. | p-value | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1376 | 1.28 | 0.73–2.23 | 0.389 |
| Age in years | ||||
| 20–29 years | 259 | 1.73 | 0.94–3.18 | 0.080 |
| 30–39 years | 453 | 1.40 | 0.83–2.36 | 0.210 |
| 40–49 years | 335 | 1.57 | 0.92–2.66 | 0.099 |
| 50–59 years | 259 | 1.16 | 0.66–2.04 | 0.607 |
| 60+ years | 199 | Ref. | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 245 | 1.09 | 0.70–1.70 | 0.690 |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 196 | 1.45 | 0.92–2.27 | 0.108 |
| Married | 1064 | Ref. | ||
| Highest Degree | ||||
| Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) | 137 | 3.11 | 1.48–6.55 | 0.003 |
| Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)/Diploma | 389 | 1.42 | 0.75–2.70 | 0.281 |
| Bachelors (BS) | 755 | 1.28 | 0.69–2.35 | 0.431 |
| Higher (MS, PhD, DNP) | 224 | Ref. | ||
| Practice | ||||
| RN (ADN, Diploma, BSN) | 1184 | 2.47 | 1.19–5.12 | 0.015 |
| Other (LPN & Advanced Practice) | 321 | Ref. | ||
| Concerns in worsening pre-exiting mental health conditions due to the pandemic | ||||
| No | 630 | 1.11 | 0.78–1.58 | 0.567 |
| Yes | 331 | 5.80 | 4.10–8.21 | 0.000 |
| No mental health condition | 544 | Ref. | ||
| Job satisfaction | ||||
| Unsatisfied/very unsatisfied | 149 | 3.68 | 2.43–5.56 | 0.000 |
| Satisfied/very satisfied | 1356 | Ref. | ||
| Number of COVID-19 cases with direct contact at the facility | ||||
| Zero | 496 | Ref. | ||
| 1–5 | 523 | 1.30 | 0.90–1.88 | 0.161 |
| 6–10 | 189 | 1.76 | 1.09–2.84 | 0.020 |
| 11 or more | 297 | 2.20 | 1.43–3.40 | 0.000 |
| Preparedness | ||||
| Completely/somewhat unprepared | 348 | 1.53 | 1.11–2.11 | 0.010 |
| Completely/somewhat prepared | 1157 | Ref. | ||
| Fear of being infected at work | ||||
| Worried/extremely worried | 629 | 2.02 | 1.38–2.94 | 0.000 |
| Not worried/not worried at all | 876 | Ref. | ||
| Fear of infecting family members | ||||
| Worried/extremely worried | 1085 | 1.06 | 0.69–1.62 | 0.804 |
| Not worried/not worried at all | 420 | Ref. | ||
aOR: adjusted Odds Ratios, CI: Confidence Interval. Ref. = reference category. Model adjusted for income and working setting.