Table 5.
Effects of sociodemographic variables, practice, work environment, job satisfaction, preparedness and concerns on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1505).
| Variables | Anxiety |
Depression |
Stress |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% C.I. | p-value | aOR | 95% C.I. | p-value | aOR | 95% C.I. | p-value | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 1.30 | 0.69–2.44 | 0.413 | 0.84 | 0.46–1.54 | 0.566 | 1.18 | 0.59–2.37 | 0.641 |
| Age in years | |||||||||
| 20–29 years | 2.14 | 1.05–4.37 | 0.037 | 1.44 | 0.71–2.91 | 0.313 | 3.97 | 1.62–9.78 | 0.003 |
| 30–39 years | 1.62 | 0.86–3.05 | 0.139 | 1.22 | 0.67–2.23 | 0.513 | 3.19 | 1.41–7.22 | 0.005 |
| 40–49 years | 1.81 | 0.95–3.44 | 0.072 | 1.34 | 0.73–2.46 | 0.350 | 2.72 | 1.19–6.25 | 0.018 |
| 50–59 years | 1.36 | 0.69–2.69 | 0.378 | 0.77 | 0.40–1.50 | 0.444 | 1.11 | 0.45–2.77 | 0.822 |
| 60+ years | Ref. | ||||||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Single | 1.01 | 0.62–1.63 | 0.974 | 1.10 | 0.67–1.83 | 0.703 | 1.11 | 0.65–1.91 | 0.699 |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 1.35 | 0.81–2.24 | 0.245 | 1.77 | 1.06–2.95 | 0.028 | 1.65 | 0.91–2.98 | 0.097 |
| Married | Ref. | ||||||||
| Highest Degree | |||||||||
| Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) | 3.95 | 1.70–9.19 | 0.001 | 2.47 | 1.03–5.94 | 0.043 | 4.32 | 1.58–11.79 | 0.004 |
| Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)/Diploma |
1.43 | 0.69–2.98 | 0.341 | 1.12 | 0.54–2.34 | 0.759 | 1.17 | 0.50–2.75 | 0.716 |
| Bachelors (BSN) | 1.12 | 0.55–2.26 | 0.760 | 1.18 | 0.59–2.38 | 0.643 | 1.44 | 0.65–3.22 | 0.371 |
| Higher (MS, PhD, DNP) | Ref. | ||||||||
| Practice | |||||||||
| RN (ADN, Diploma, BSN) | 2.33 | 0.99–5.47 | 0.053 | 2.73 | 1.15–6.48 | 0.023 | 3.18 | 1.13–8.98 | 0.029 |
| Other (LPN & Advanced Practice) | Ref. | ||||||||
| Concerns in worsening pre-exiting mental health conditions due to the pandemic | |||||||||
| No | 1.22 | 0.80–1.85 | 0.351 | 1.07 | 0.69–1.66 | 0.748 | 1.10 | 0.67–1.81 | 0.699 |
| Yes | 5.35 | 3.62–7.91 | 0.000 | 5.45 | 3.65–8.14 | 0.000 | 5.48 | 3.53–8.49 | 0.000 |
| No mental health condition | Ref. | ||||||||
| Job satisfaction | |||||||||
| Unsatisfied/very unsatisfied | 2.38 | 1.54–3.69 | 0.000 | 4.24 | 2.77–6.48 | 0.000 | 3.48 | 2.20–5.50 | 0.000 |
| Satisfied/very satisfied | Ref. | ||||||||
| Number of COVID-19 cases with direct contact at the facility | |||||||||
| Zero | Ref. | ||||||||
| 1–5 | 1.54 | 1.00–2.37 | 0.051 | 1.46 | 0.95–2.25 | 0.084 | 1.47 | 0.91–2.38 | 0.116 |
| 6–10 | 2.14 | 1.24–3.70 | 0.006 | 2.17 | 1.26–3.75 | 0.005 | 2.19 | 1.20–4.00 | 0.010 |
| 11 or more | 3.27 | 2.01–5.33 | 0.000 | 1.92 | 1.16–3.18 | 0.012 | 2.22 | 1.28–3.84 | 0.004 |
| Preparedness | |||||||||
| Completely/somewhat unprepared | 1.69 | 1.19–2.42 | 0.004 | 1.72 | 1.20–2.46 | 0.003 | 1.82 | 1.24–2.69 | 0.002 |
| Completely/somewhat prepared | Ref. | ||||||||
| Fear of being infected at work | |||||||||
| Worried/extremely worried | 1.94 | 1.26–2.99 | 0.003 | 1.92 | 1.22–3.03 | 0.005 | 1.90 | 1.16–3.14 | 0.011 |
| Not worried/not worried at all | Ref. | ||||||||
| Fear of infecting family members | |||||||||
| Worried/extremely worried | 1.01 | 0.62–1.67 | 0.956 | 0.84 | 0.51–1.40 | 0.505 | 0.90 | 0.51–1.60 | 0.723 |
| Not worried/not worried at all | Ref. | ||||||||
aOR: adjusted Odds Ratios, CI: Confidence Interval. Ref. = reference category. Model adjusted for income, and working setting.