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. 2021 Sep 15;2021:5546867. doi: 10.1155/2021/5546867

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Copyright © 2021 Sai Ma et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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NR significantly alleviates the cardiac dysfunction caused by TAC. (a) The M-mode echocardiograms of the midventricle at the level of the papillary muscles. (b) There was no significant difference in mouse heart rate (HR) among groups (P > 0.05). (c, d) NR treatment significantly improved the left ventricular systolic function of TAC mice (EF: 64.3 ± 2.1 vs. 59.2 ± 4.2; FS: 43.2 ± 2.3 vs. 32.3 ± 2.2, P < 0.05). (e–g) NR treatment significantly improved TAC-induced changes in cardiac structure (LV EDD: 3.644 ± 0.154 vs. 4.096 ± 0.122; LV ESD: 1.676 ± 0.087 vs. 2.071 ± 0.096; LV wall thickness: 1.288 ± 0.023 ± 1.428 ± 0.040, P < 0.05). HR: heart rate; EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening; LV EDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LV ESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. sham group; ^#P < 0.05 vs. TAC group.