Table 2.
Effects of S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds on kidney functions, blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol of the PCM-induced liver toxicity in mice∗.
| Animal groups | Creatinine mg/dL | Urea mg/dL | Glucose mg/dL | Cholesterol mg/dL | Triglycerides mg/dL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Intact control (no CMC, no extract/no fractions, no PCM) | 0.62 ± 0.03B | 48.83 ± 2.47BC | 61.53 ± 5.25B | 106.30 ± 7.65B | 101.63 ± 19.62A |
| II. Negative control (vehicle CMC 0.5%)+PCM | 0.67 ± 0.03A,B | 55.01 ± 2.31A,B,C | 67.26 ± 4.55A,B | 148.44 ± 13.23A | 55.14 ± 6.41B,C,D |
| III. Silymarin 100 mg/kg+PCM | 0.86 ± 0.07A,B | 85.39 ± 17.38A,B | 44.27 ± 3.56A,B | 93.50 ± 3.97B,C | 79.98 ± 18.75A,B,C,D |
| IV. Pheophytin-A 100 mg/kg+PCM | 0.78 ± 0.02A,B | 92.73 ± 19.39A | 50.24 ± 5.29B | 90.80 ± 6.31B,C | 54.52 ± 3.64B,C,D |
| V. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside 100 mg/kg+PCM | 0.86 ± 0.03A,B | 52.46 ± 1.56A,B,C | 62.56 ± 7.10A,B | 88.35 ± 3.30B,C | 94.01 ± 11.75A,B,C |
| VI. Quercetin 100 mg/kg+PCM | 0.84 ± 0.06A,B | 51.57 ± 1.60A,B,C | 67.26 ± 4.55A,B | 148.90 ± 8.97A | 105.55 ± 5.54B |
| VII. Aqueous-ethanolic extract 400 mg/kg+PCM | 0.67 ± 0.19A,B | 59.44 ± 4.50A,B,C | 64.15 ± 4.59B | 68.01 ± 5.74C,D | 91.69 ± 12.23A,B,C |
| VIII. n-Butanol fraction 400 mg/kg+PCM | 0.90 ± 0.07A | 47.87 ± 1.95B,C | 99.14 ± 13.23A | 50.03 ± 2.01D | 50.09 ± 1.21C,D |
| IX. Ethyl acetate fraction 400 mg/kg+PCM | 1.03 ± 0.23A | 40.15 ± 2.33C | 63.74 ± 10.56A,B | 99.15 ± 6.39B,C | 58.16 ± 3.58A,B,C,D |
| X. Chloroform fraction 400 mg/kg+PCM | 0.94 ± 0.06A | 50.08 ± 4.50B,C | 54.27 ± 3.88B | 96.82 ± 11.47B,C | 40.07 ± 2.08D |
| X1. n-Hexane fraction 400 mg/kg+PCM | 0.92 ± 0.04A | 72.74 ± 9.08A,B,𝐶 | 43.25 ± 7.53A,B | 87.02 ± 5.89B,C | 40.76 ± 1.10D |
∗Values denoted are the mean ± SEM. Mean ± SEM not sharing the letters (A–D) in the respective column are significantly different (p < 0.05). Raw data is available in the Supplementary file (Table S2).