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. 2021 Apr 30;11(9):2937–2944. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.016

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© 2021 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Functionality assay of the Shikonin on TGFβ1 treated HSF. (A) Alamarblue assay demonstrate significant mitigation of cell metabolism from Shikonin-treated groups. Error bars indicate the mean ± SD (n = 4). ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus the TGFβ1 group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. (B) PCR assessment shows downregulated fibrotic genes (i.e., TGFβ1, FAP-α and COL1A1 mRNA) following Shikonin application, reversing the upregulation induced by TGFβ1 addition. Error bars indicate the mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05 versus the TGFβ1 group. N.S. P > 0.05 between groups treated with Shikonin solution and Shikonin HA MNs. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test.