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Forest plots of mean differences in multidimensional clinical scores between those with diabetes vs those without diabetes. Constant scores and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Scores are on a 0-100 scale; Oxford Shoulder Scores are scored from 0-48. For each measure, a higher score represents a better patient outcome. *Wang et al33 used an adjusted Constant score, excluding the 25 points for assessment of muscle strength.
