Table 2.
Association of baseline variables and adverse outcomes with baseline frailty status
| Variable | Non-frail (n = 42) |
Pre-frail (n = 148) |
Frail (n = 86) |
Missing (n = 24) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (SD) | 70.7 (5.0) | 73.3 (7.1)** | 76.2 (7.3)** | 75.6 (7.2)** | |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) (SD) | 2.9 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.7)* | 3.2 (0.7)** | 3.2 (0.8) | |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) (SD) | 279 (93) | 299 (93) | 298 (115) | 321 (121) | |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/l) (SD) | 21.0 (2.1) | 21.2 (3.2) | 21.4 (3.2) | 21.1 (3.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 28.9 (3.8) | 28.5 (4.0) | 29.1 (5.8) | 26.9 (3.3)* | |
| eGFR by MDRD4 (ml/min/1.73m2) (SD) | 20.9 (7.0) | 20.0 (6.8) | 19.7 (6.9) | 18.2 (6.5) | |
| 25OHD (nmol/l) (SD) | 55 (35) | 45 (27) | 42 (24)* | 33 (19)* | |
| Median NT-pro-BNP (pg/ml) (IQR) | 4258 (407–6824) | 6268 (2021–9553) | 7501 (2368–12,223)** | 7053 (988–11,257) | |
| Albumin (g/l) (SD) | 41 (5) | 40 (4) | 39 (5)* | 38 (5)* | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) (SD) | 12.1 (1.5) | 11.7 (1.7) | 11.4 (1.4)* | 11.2 (1.4)* | |
| Phosphate (mmol/l) (SD) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.2) | |
| Adverse outcomes | |||||
| Median number of adverse events (IQR) | 2 (1 to 4) | 2 (1 to 4) | 3 (2 to 4) | 2 (1 to 3) | |
| Falls rate (per 1000 days) | Mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.75) | 1.63 (3.58) | 1.46 (3.43) | 1.58 (2.60) |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 2.22)** | 0 (0 to 1.45)** | 0 (0 to 2.87)* | |
| Dropout by 12 months (%) | 6 (14) | 32 (22) | 27 (31)* | 9 (38)* | |
| Death by 12 months (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (5) | 6 (7) | 2 (8) | |
*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 vs non-frail
BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D, NT-pro-BNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide