Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with and without impaired g-CFR (g-CSF < 2.0).
| Total N = 131 |
With impaired g-CFR N = 43 |
Without impaired g-CFR N = 88 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, year | 67 ± 10 | 68 ± 11 | 67 ± 9 | 0.83 |
| Male, n (%) | 87 (66.4) | 33 (76.7) | 54 (61.4) | 0.08 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.70 [1.56, 1.83] | 1.73 [1.60, 1.84] | 1.68 [1.55, 1.83] | 0.46 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 97 (74.0) | 31 (72.1) | 66 (75.0) | 0.72 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 84 (64.1) | 26 (60.5) | 58 (65.9) | 0.54 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 55 (42.0) | 16 (37.2) | 39 (44.3) | 0.44 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 35 (26.7) | 10 (23.3) | 25 (28.4) | 0.53 |
| Family history, n (%) | 20 (15.3) | 6 (14.0) | 14 (15.9) | 0.77 |
| Prescription at admission, n (%) | ||||
| Statin, n (%) | 114 (87.0) | 36 (83.7) | 78 (88.6) | 0.43 |
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 75 (57.3) | 26 (60.5) | 49 (55.7) | 0.60 |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 49 (37.4) | 20 (46.5) | 29 (33.0) | 0.13 |
| Calcium antagonist, n (%) | 62 (47.3) | 18 (41.9) | 44 (50.0) | 0.38 |
| Coronary angiography | ||||
| Target lesion location; RCA/LAD/LCx, n (%) | 20 (15.3)/103(78.6)/8(6.1) | 8(18.6)/33(76.7)/2(4.7) | 12 (13.6)/70(79.5)/6(6.8) | 0.70 |
| MLD, mm | 0.85 [0.67, 1.26] | 0.82 [0.69, 1.30] | 0.85 [0.66, 1.19] | 0.55 |
| RD, mm | 2.82 [2.43, 3.17] | 2.82 [2.34, 3.34] | 2.83 [2.49, 3.11] | 0.67 |
| DS, % | 66.9 [56.8, 76.1] | 66.8 [57.0, 75.7] | 68.1 [56.8, 76.4] | 0.67 |
| Lesion length, mm | 13.0 [10.1, 18.0] | 13.0 [10.1, 16.9] | 13.3 [10.1, 18.5] | 0.99 |
| Physiological data | ||||
| FFR | 0.75 [0.61, 0.79] | 0.73 [0.63, 0.79] | 0.77 [0.58, 0.80] | 0.52 |
| FFR ≤ 0.75, n (%) | 67 (51.1) | 24 (55.8) | 43 (48.9) | 0.46 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| T-chol, mg/dl | 181 [154, 208] | 181 [144, 213] | 180 [156, 205] | 0.98 |
| LDL-chol, mg/dl | 97 [78, 125] | 95 [76, 130] | 98 [79, 123] | 0.85 |
| HDL-chol, mg/dl | 50 [44, 60] | 48 [42, 54] | 52 [44, 62] | 0.10 |
| TG, mg/dl | 125 [91, 182] | 135 [79, 176] | 125 [93, 197] | 0.70 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.82 [0.70, 0.93] | 0.83 [0.75, 0.95] | 0.80 [0.66, 0.90] | 0.035 |
| eGFR, ml/min 1.73/m2 | 69.5 [60.1, 77.6] | 70.1 [57.6, 76.5] | 69.2 [61.4, 80.0] | 0.43 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.0 [5.6, 6.9] | 6.0 [5.5, 7.0] | 6.1 [5.7, 6.9] | 0.54 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/l | 92.0 [38.5, 208.3] | 116.0 [49.8, 289.3] | 74.5 [37.0, 198.5] | 0.11 |
| cTnI at presentation, ng/l | 4.0 [2.0, 9.8] | 3.0 [2.0, 9.0] | 4.0 [2.0, 10.0] | 0.90 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dl | 0.070 [0.030, 0.155] | 0.080 [0.030, 0.130] | 0.065 [0.030, 0.160] | 0.59 |
| CT data | ||||
| Whole LV mass volume, cm3 | 136.5 [115.6, 160.3] | 141.4 [123.1, 171.2] | 133.0 [108.2, 157.5] | 0.011 |
| Whole LV mass volume, g | 144.0 [121.9, 169.1] | 149.2 [129.8, 180.6] | 140.3 [114.1, 166.2] | 0.011 |
| LV mass index by CT, g/m2 | 83.4 [73.4, 93.3] | 85.9 [77.3, 97.3] | 82.4 [70.8, 91.7] | 0.015 |
| Area at risk mass volume, % | 32.7 [24.0, 39.0] | 30.7 [22.4, 38.5] | 33.0 [25.0, 39.0] | 0.60 |
| Area at risk mass volume, cm3 | 43.5 [31.1, 54.4] | 45.7 [31.4, 55.6] | 42.1 [30.1, 53.5] | 0.21 |
| Area at risk mass volume, g | 45.9 [32.8, 57.4] | 48.2 [33.2, 58.6] | 44.4 [31.8, 56.4] | 0.21 |
| Agatston score (target vessel) | 135.0 [25.1–385.7] | 214.6 [59.2–382.0] | 104.8 [18.3–390.2] | 0.20 |
| Agatston score (total) | 314.0 [66.7–790.2] | 487.5 [118.5–914.3] | 180.2 [45.4–775.1] | 0.065 |
| Mean PCATA | − 71.3 [− 75.9, − 67.9] | − 68.2 [− 72.0, − 65.4] | − 72.8 [− 77.5, − 69.4] | < 0.001 |
| Highest PCATA in major 3 vessels | − 67.4 [− 71.4, − 62.4] | − 63.4 [− 66.4, − 60.9] | − 69.2 [− 72.0, − 64.9] | < 0.001 |
| Target vessel PCATA | − 73.4 [− 77.9, − 67.9] | − 69.5 [− 75.4, − 65.2] | − 74.1 [− 78.5, − 69.5] | 0.003 |
| RCA PCATA | − 73.2 [− 78.8, − 69.0] | − 70.8 [− 74.5, − 66.6] | − 73.6 [− 80.1, − 70.4] | 0.019 |
| LAD PCATA | − 73.8 [− 78.2, − 68.2] | − 70.2 [− 75.4, − 65.2] | − 75.0 [− 79.3, − 69.3] | 0.001 |
| LCx PCATA | − 69.1 [− 72.7, − 63.8] | − 64.2 [− 69.6, − 61.1] | − 70.7 [− 74.3, − 65.2] | < 0.001 |
| CMR indices | ||||
| EDV, ml | 105.6 [92.4, 121.9] | 117.2 [100.1, 130.3] | 102.8 [91.8, 118.7] | 0.018 |
| ESV, ml | 33.9 [29.2, 43.8] | 36.0 [30.8, 47.7] | 33.0 [27.7, 43.4] | 0.10 |
| EF, % | 65.8 [60.2, 71.0] | 65.0 [60.1, 71.0] | 66.3 [61.6, 70.9] | 0.57 |
| CSF at rest, ml/min | 119.8 [88.9, 162.8] | 149.2 [113.0, 181.1] | 107.9 [81.9, 150.7] | 0.001 |
| CSF at rest, ml/min/g | 0.97 [0.67, 1.23] | 1.01 [0.80, 1.27] | 0.93 [0.65, 1.20] | 0.12 |
| Corrected CSF at rest, ml/min | 128.3 [95.0, 168.2] | 161.0 [128.8, 203.1] | 110.5 [89.2, 145.2] | < 0.001 |
| Corrected CSF at rest, ml/min/g | 0.99 [0.79, 1.26] | 1.08 [0.92, 1.65] | 0.91 [0.73, 1.19] | 0.004 |
| CSF at hyperemia, ml/min | 316.0 [238.8, 388.8] | 247.9 [183.5, 315.7] | 349.7 [279.7, 423.8] | < 0.001 |
| CSF at hyperemia, ml/min/g | 2.44 [1.84, 3.16] | 1.87 [1.26, 2.29] | 2.70 [2.23, 3.63] | < 0.001 |
| g-CFR | 2.59 [1.92, 3.37] | 1.78 [1.36, 1.99] | 3.13 [2.55, 3.74] | < 0.001 |
| Corrected g-CFR | 2.39 [1.88, 3.22] | 1.62 [1.20, 1.87] | 2.89 [2.37, 3.53] | < 0.001 |
ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, cTnI cardiac troponin I, CT computed tomography, CSF coronary sinus flow, EDV end diastolic volume, EF, ejection fraction, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESV end systolic volume, g-CFR global coronary flow reserve, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL-chol high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high sense c-reactive protein, HU Hounsfield units, LAD left anterior descending coronary artery, LCx left circumflex coronary artery, LDL-chol low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LVM left ventricular mass, LVMI left ventricular mass index, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PCATA pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, RCA right coronary artery, TG triglyceride, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.