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. 2021 Sep 24;12:5502. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25644-x

Table 1.

Selected electrocaloric effects at phase transitions near and away from room temperature.

EC material TC (K) ΔS (J/kg/K) Q (kJ/kg) ΔT (K) ΔE (kV/cm) ΔSE (J cm/kg/K/kV) ΔTE (mK cm/kV) Ref.
KH2PO4 123 3.5 0.4 1.0 10 0.35 100 14
BaTiO3 397 2.1 0.8 0.87 4 0.525 220 15
PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 499 8.0 4 12 480 0.017 25 9
Pb0.8Ba0.2ZrO3 290 46.9 14 45.3 598 0.0782 76 36
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 448 10.9 4.9 10.8 3260 0.003 3 47
SrBi2Ta2O9 565 2.4 1.4 4.9 600 0.004 8 35
CuInP2S6 315 5.8 1.8 3.3 142 0.041 23 37
0.87PMN-0.13PT 343 0.6 0.2 0.6 24 0.025 25 48
BNBT/BCZT bilayer 370 26.1 0.6 23 620 0.042 37 49
P(VDF-TrFE) 353 60 21 12.5 2090 0.0287 6 10
NaKC4H4O6·4H2O 265–298 0.003 1.2 25 50
TGS 323 0.11 1.6 68 16
NH4HSO4 271 0.1 0.03 0.025 1.5 0.067 17 51
(iBA)2PbCl4 302 25.64 7.7 11.06 29.7 0.86 370 Herein

Isothermal entropy change |ΔS|, adiabatic temperature change |ΔT|, and isothermal heat |Q|, at starting temperature T, due to changes of electric field |ΔE|. For all entries, Q = TΔS.

PMN PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3, PT PbTiO3, P(VDF–TrFE) poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 55/45 mol%, TGS (NH2CH2COOH)3H2SO4, BNBT (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaTiO3, BCZT Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3.