Table 1.
Selected electrocaloric effects at phase transitions near and away from room temperature.
| EC material | TC (K) | ΔS (J/kg/K) | Q (kJ/kg) | ΔT (K) | ΔE (kV/cm) | ΔS/ΔE (J cm/kg/K/kV) | ΔT/ΔE (mK cm/kV) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KH2PO4 | 123 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 10 | 0.35 | 100 | 14 |
| BaTiO3 | 397 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.87 | 4 | 0.525 | 220 | 15 |
| PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 | 499 | 8.0 | 4 | 12 | 480 | 0.017 | 25 | 9 |
| Pb0.8Ba0.2ZrO3 | 290 | 46.9 | 14 | 45.3 | 598 | 0.0782 | 76 | 36 |
| Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 | 448 | 10.9 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 3260 | 0.003 | 3 | 47 |
| SrBi2Ta2O9 | 565 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 600 | 0.004 | 8 | 35 |
| CuInP2S6 | 315 | 5.8 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 142 | 0.041 | 23 | 37 |
| 0.87PMN-0.13PT | 343 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 24 | 0.025 | 25 | 48 |
| BNBT/BCZT bilayer | 370 | 26.1 | 0.6 | 23 | 620 | 0.042 | 37 | 49 |
| P(VDF-TrFE) | 353 | 60 | 21 | 12.5 | 2090 | 0.0287 | 6 | 10 |
| NaKC4H4O6·4H2O | 265–298 | – | – | 0.003 | 1.2 | – | 25 | 50 |
| TGS | 323 | – | – | 0.11 | 1.6 | – | 68 | 16 |
| NH4HSO4 | 271 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.025 | 1.5 | 0.067 | 17 | 51 |
| (iBA)2PbCl4 | 302 | 25.64 | 7.7 | 11.06 | 29.7 | 0.86 | 370 | Herein |
Isothermal entropy change |ΔS|, adiabatic temperature change |ΔT|, and isothermal heat |Q|, at starting temperature T, due to changes of electric field |ΔE|. For all entries, Q = TΔS.
PMN PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3, PT PbTiO3, P(VDF–TrFE) poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 55/45 mol%, TGS (NH2CH2COOH)3H2SO4, BNBT (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaTiO3, BCZT Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3.