Fig. 2. Disruption of vagal circuits worsens influenza-induced lung inflammation.

a The change of body weight loss in saline-treated sham and VX, PR8-challenged sham and VX mice. The mice received PR8 (i.n. 1.4 × 10⁴ FFU/mouse) and body weight changes were followed up for 6 days. *P < 0.05, between PR8-challenged sham and PR8-challenged-VX mice, repeated measures, two-way ANOVA. b, c Saline-treated sham and VX, PR8-challenged sham and VX mice (i.n. 1.4 × 10⁴ FFU/mouse) were sacrificed 6 dpi. BAL cells were collected to measure protein concentration and leukocyte numbers. n = 4–5 in each group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, between the indicated groups, one-way ANOVA. d, e Lungs were collected from the above groups and homogenized to extract RNA and detect Cxcl2 and Il6 expression. n = 4–5 in each group, *P < 0.05, between the indicated groups, one-way ANOVA. f–g Lung CCR2⁺CD11b⁺ cells analyzed by flow cytometry 6 dpi n = 3–5 in each group, *P < 0.05, between the indicated groups, one-way ANOVA. h–i Lung cells were collected for flow cytometry to analyze lung B220⁻CD11C⁺LCD11b⁺ inflammatory MΦ 6 dpi. n = 3–5 in each group, *P < 0.05, between the indicated groups, one-way ANOVA.