Table 3.

The MRS-derived absolute concentrations of metabolites (mean ± SEM), which significantly changes after stress. GABA, Glu, Gln, Glx, tCr, and total NAA (tNAA = NAA + NAAG) decreased, while mIns increased under stress. *p < 0.05.

Metabolite	Concentration at baseline (mM)	Concentration after stress (mM)	p-value
GABA	2.4 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2*	0.03
Glu	11.0 ± 0.6	8.4 ± 0.2*	0.039
Gln	5.5 ± 0.4	4.3 ± 0.2*	0.049
mIns	6.9 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.2*	0.049
Glx = Glu + Gln	18.9 ± 1.1	14.6 ± 0.4*	0.042
tCr = Cr + PCr	10.0 ± 0.6	7.9 ± 0.4*	0.034
tNAA = NAA + NAAG	9.1 ± 0.4	7.4 ± 0.6*	0.048