Table 3.
Multivariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with decline in renal function.
| Variables | Diabetes | Non-diabetes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Model 1 | ||||
| PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.15 (0.88–5.23) | 0.091 | 2.20 (1.09–4.40) | 0.025 |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1) | 1.58 (0.51–4.92) | 0.422 | 1.36 (0.70–2.63) | 0.358 |
| Model 3 | ||||
| Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.40 (1.02–5.60) | 0.043 | 0.81 (0.44–1.51) | 0.525 |
| Model 4 | ||||
| PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.10 (0.84–5.23) | 0.110 | 2.38 (1.17–4.82) | 0.015 |
| Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1) | 1.54 (0.49–4.81) | 0.457 | 1.24 (0.63–2.43) | 0.527 |
| Model 5 | ||||
| PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.60 (1.05–6.43) | 0.038 | 2.37 (1.15–4.86) | 0.018 |
| Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.60 (1.09–6.16) | 0.029 | 0.79 (0.42–1.48) | 0.470 |
| Model 6 | ||||
| Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1) | 1.54 (0.49–4.79) | 0.453 | 1.56 (0.77–3.16) | 0.216 |
| Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.09 (0.87–4.97) | 0.095 | 0.76 (0.41–1.43) | 0.411 |
| Model 7 | ||||
| PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.57 (1.01–6.53) | 0.045 | 2.33 (1.12–4.84) | 0.022 |
| Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1) | 1.57 (0.49–5.03) | 0.442 | 1.43 (0.69–2.94) | 0.329 |
| Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1) | 2.27 (0.94–5.47) | 0.068 | 0.75 (0.39–1.42) | 0.380 |
In all models used for multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, covariates included age, male gender, body mass index, current smoking, history of CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, baseline eGFR, and albuminuria. Model 1 included the presence of PSQ, Model 2 sleep apnea, Model 3 low HRV, Model 4 PSQ and sleep apnea, Model 5 PSQ and low HRV, Model 6 sleep apnea and low HRV, Model 7 PSQ, sleep apnea, and low HRV, in addition to the other covariates mentioned.
CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PSQ poor sleep quality, HRV heart rate variability, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.