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. 2021 Sep 24;12:5635. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25932-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematic of a CO-AFM tip interacting with CO-FePc (Cu: yellow; C: black; O: red; Fe: brown). b–d Non-contact AFM images obtained at different tip heights (z); the final dislodging of CO occurs at z = +30 pm. e 3D force map of the frequency shift (Δf) vs. AFM tip heights (z) and horizontal position (x), with a CO tip. Step size is 5 pm in z, and the scan path in x is across the center of the Fe, as shown in the inset. The tip position at bond rupture is indicated by the breakpoint (arrow). f Frequency shift (Δf) obtained in the horizontal (x) direction before, during (indicated by the disjointed curve), and after the bond rupture. g The force curve deconvoluted from Δf at the breakpoint in the vertical (z) direction. h 3D force map of the frequency shift (Δf) showing quantitative rupture of the dative bond, obtained using a Cu tip; the insert shows schematic of interaction between a Cu tip and CO-FePc. i Frequency shift (Δf) obtained using a Cu tip scanned in the horizontal (x) direction. j The deconvoluted force curve at the breakpoint in the vertical (z) direction using a Cu tip. (Red arrows indicate the bond rupture point. Long-range background forces are subtracted in Figures g and j).