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. 2021 Sep 24;11:19025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98046-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Example of selecting the connections to remove for patient 15. (A) The selection was found separately for each number of connections using simulated annealing and the EC difference. After the removal of some connections from the SOZ to the rest of the brain, the EC difference of the SOZ increased. Removing all connections as in the surgery resulted in the highest EC difference. However, a 10% smaller decrease in EC was achieved by removing only 25 of the 38 connections, thereby sparing 13 connections (red star). (B) We calculated the actual effect of each resection on the seizure propagation model by measuring I(t₀) after the resection took place. I(t₀) decreases in a roughly linear manner with the number of removed connections. The red star indicates the resection corresponding to a 90% decrease in EC difference. Errorbars indicate the standard deviation among 10 iterations of the SIR model averaged over 1000 realizations. (C) The connections from the SOZ to the brain regions outside the SOZ are displayed, including the 13 spared connections (green). Parts of the figure were visualized with the BrainNet Viewer toolbox (Xia et al. 2013) (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/).