Table 4.

Results of the phylogenetic logistic regression for parental care traits and aposematism components in poison frogs. Values in bold denote P < 0.05). The categorical variables and their the character states in parenthesis are: tadpole deposition site (phytotelmata/non-phytotelmata), cannibalism (presence/absence), alkaloids (presence/absence), tadpole-carrying sex (male/female), habitat where adults usually live (near streams/away from streams), conspicuousness (conspicuous/non-conspicuous), and type of care (male/female). The continuous variables include: Coloration score based on⁴³, SSD (sexual size dimorphism), number of tadpoles transported, and size of tadpoles at Gosner stage 25. The asterisk (*) indicates that tadpole size was controlled by female body size.

Binary dependent	N	Intercept		Coloration score		SSD		Number of Tadpoles transported		Tadpole size*
		β0	P	β1	P	β2	P	β3	P	β4	P
Tadpole deposition	112	− 255.207	0.087	− 224.170	0.001	348.390	0.532	125.920	< 3e−04	− 1.122	0.953
Cannibalism	23	− 7.620	0.769	573.730	0.614	− 952.465	0.366	− 224.700	0.038	− 19.480	0.327
Alkaloids	61	− 693.700	0.003	497.460	< 3e−04	856.480	0.324	− 136.360	0.013	− 15.210	0.383
Tadpole−ferrying sex	110	− 47.990	0.800	114.230	0.198	847.570	0.081	− 0.350	0.988	11.302	0.179
Conspicuousness	114	− 227.266	0.084	−	−	697.208	0.242	21.313	0.650	6.207	0.403
Habitat	114	226.180	0.045	255.790	0.014	− 851.212	0.064	− 90.205	0.0134	− 11.880	0.100
Type care	82	194.769	0.402	− 6.936	0.949	700.860	0.286	1.352	0.985	9.757	0.451