Fig. 7. The antiviral effects of probiotic pretreatment are mediated through acetate.

a The experimental design. b RSV-F protein staining for evaluating the viral load in the lungs of mice using immunofluorescence at 3 days after RSV infection (n=4). Blue: DAPI; Green: RSV-F protein. c The expression of IFNβ in isolated AMs from all groups of mice was determined by FACS at 24 h after RSV infection (n=4). d The levels of IFNβ in BALF from all groups of mice were examined by ELISA at 24 h after RSV infection (n=4). e Representative H&E-stained lung tissue from mice showed histologic differences at 3 days after RSV infection (n=4). f The albumin level in BALF was determined at 3 days after RSV infection (n=4). All results are expressed as the mean±SD (a–f). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 by Student’s t test.