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. 2021 Jul 27;3(3):428–440. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.05.006

Figure 5.

Figure 5

L-EVs Improve Cardiomyocyte Function After DOX Injury

Asterisks indicate significant differences between No Tx and L-EV Tx groups by repeated measures, 2-way analysis of variance. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001. (A) Peak membrane displacement (D-peak) showed recovery of iCM contractility in L-EV–treated iCMs (n = 20). (B and C) Calcium transient duration (CTD) 30:90 and 75:35 showed significantly enhanced recovery speed of calcium release and sequestration during iCM contraction and active relaxation, respectively, in L-EV–treated iCMs (n = 20). (D) Beat frequency recovered after DOX-injury in L-EV–treated iCMs but not in positive control subjects or S-EV–treated iCMs (n = 20). (E) Representative calcium transient tracing from all 4 groups at 96 hours showed greater signal amplitude, faster upstroke, more rapid signal recovery, and higher beat frequency in DOX-injured iCMs treated with L-EVs compared with negative control and S-EV–treated iCMs (n = 5). (F) Representative action potential (AP) tracing from iCMs at 96 hours showed recovery of AP amplitude, upstroke Vmax, and downstroke Vmax in DOX-injured iCMs treated with L-EVs relative to negative control subjects and S-EV–treated iCMs (n = 5). Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 3.