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. 2021 Feb 5;33:167–181. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.015

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© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 2 — Summary of sample sources and potential biomarker candidates for endometriosis diagnosis that could replace highly accurate but invasive laparoscopic surgery. The presented promising minimally or non-invasive biomarker candidates' suitability as a potential replacement for laparoscopy diagnosis are questionable. A large pool of biomarker sources (blood, tissue, urine, stool, vaginal or cervical swabs) and a glycomic or microbiology approach open up further perspectives for identifying new candidates.