Table 1.
Characteristics of nine studies included in qualitative synthesis
| Study | Study population | Study period | Study design | Age at Inclusion (yr) | Effect Estimates | Crude risk | Adjusted risk | Adjustment variables | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rugbjerg et al., 2009 | The Danish National Hospital Register, Denmark | 1986–2006 | Case-control | ≥ 35 | OR | IBD: 1.23 (0.91–1.67); CD: 1.06 (0.54–2.10); UC: 1.28 (0.91–1.80) |
NA | NA | 7 |
| Li et al., 2012 | The Primary Health Care Research Center-MigMed Database, Lund University, Sweden | 1964–2007 | Retrospective cohort study | > 0 | SIR | NA | UC: 1.23 (0.90–1.64); CD:0.62 (0.33–1.07) |
Age, period, socioeconomic status, region of residence, hospitalization of COPD, and alcoholism and alcohol-related liver disease | 8 |
| Hsu et al., 2015 | The National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), China (Taiwan) | 2000–2008 | Retrospective cohort study | > 0 | RR | IBD: 1.113 (0.78–1.60) | NA | NA | 7 |
| Lin et al., 2016 | The National Health Insurance--Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID 2000), China (Taiwan) | 2000–2011 | Retrospective cohort study | ≥ 20 | HR | IBD: 1.43 (1.15–1.79); CD: 1.45 (1.15–1.83); UC: 1.25 (0.64–2.42); |
IBD: 1.35 (1.08–1.68); CD: 1.40 (1.11–1.77); UC:0.94 (0.49–1.84) |
Age, sex, and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, CAD, head injury, depression, and CKD | 9 |
| Bählera et al., 2017 | The Helsana Insurance Group, Switzerland | 2014 | Cross-sectional study | > 1 | OR | NA | IBD:0.92 (0.67–1.27) | Age, sex, language area, type of insurance coverage, and urbanization | 7 |
| Camachosoto et al., 2018 | Medicare base file (BASF), USA | 2004–2009 | Case-control study | > 65 | OR | NA | IBD:0.85 (0.80–0.91); CD:0.83 (0.74–0.93); UC:0.88 (0.82–0.96) |
Age, race, sex, and probability of smoking, comorbidities | 7 |
| Peter et al., 2018 | The Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Database and the Medicare Supplemental Database, USA | 2000–2016 | Retrospective cohort study | ≥ 18 | IRR | IBD: 1.28 (1.14–1.44); CD: 1.26 (1.03–1.54); UC: 1.30 (1.13–1.5) |
IBD: 1.28 (1.14–1.44); CD: 1.26 (1.03–1.53); UC: 1.31 (1.14–1.51) |
Time-varying age group and sex, and offset by time | 9 |
| Villumsen et al., 2018 | The National Patient Registry (NPR), Denmark | 1977–2014 | Retrospective cohort study | ≥ 15 | HR | IBD: 1.24 (1.12–1.38) | IBD: 1.22 (1.09–1.35); CD: 1.35 (1.20–1.52); UC: 1.12 (0.89–1.40) |
Gender and age; comorbidity index | 9 |
| Weimers et al., 2019 | The National Patient Registry (NPR), Sweden | 2002–2014 | Retrospective cohort study | ≥ 18 | HR | NA | IBD: 1.3 (1.0–1.6) UC: 1.3 (1.0–1.7) CD: 1.1 (0.7–1.7) IBD-U: 1.7 (0.8–3.0) |
Sex, age, index date, and place of residency | 9 |
| The National Patient Registry (NPR), Sweden | 1964–2014 | Case-control study | ≥ 18 | OR | NA | IBD: 1.4 (1.2–1.8) UC: 1.4 (1.1–1.9) CD: 1.6 (1.1–2.3) IBD-U: 1.1 (0.5–2.3) |
Sex, age, index date, and place of residency | 9 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Study | Number of exposed cases (n) | Number of exposed cases with events (n) | Number of controls (n) | Number of controls with events (n) | Source of the controls | Descriptionof risk factor | Case finding methods | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Rugbjerg et al., 2009 | PD: 13695 | PD with IBD/CD/UC: 52/10/42 | Non-PD: 68445 | Non-PD with IBD/CD/UC: 211/47/164 | General population | NA | ICD | ||
| Li et al., 2012 | UC: 27881; CD: 22750; |
UC with PD: 46; CD with PD: 13 | NA | NA | Hospital settings | NA | ICD | ||
| Hsu et al., 2015 | PD: 1698; | PD with IBD: 37 | Non-PD: 6792 | Non-PD with IBD: 133 | General population | NA | ICD | ||
| Lin et al., 2016 | IBD: 8373; CD: 56507; UC: 84436; | IBD/CD/UC with PD: 106/97/9 | 33492 | with PD: 290 | General population | ≥ 60 years old; gender | ICD | ||
| Bählera et al., 2017 | IBD: 4791 | IBD: 72 | 575943 | with PD: 5184 | General population | NA | Medical record | ||
| Camachosoto et al., 2018 | PD: 89790 | PD with IBD/CD/UC: 2599/749/1583 | Non-PD: 118095 | Non-PD with IBD/CD/UC: 2381/708/1405 | General population | NA | ICD | ||
| Peter et al., 2018 | IBD: 144018; CD: 56507; UC: 84436 | IBD/CD/UC with PD: 371/122/243 | 720090 | Controls (IBD/CD/UC) with PD: 1425/480/913 | General population | Free medication; ≥ 60 years old | ICD | ||
| Villumsen et al., 2018 | IBD: 76477 | IBD with PD: 335 | 7548259 | with PD: 39784 | General population | ≥ 65 years old; gender | ICD | ||
| Weimers et al., 2019 | IBD: 39652; UC: 24422; CD: 11418; IBD-U: 3812; | IBD/CD/UC/IBD-U with PD: 103/23/69/11 (after IBD) | 396520 | with PD: 1556 | General population | Free Medication; ≥ 60 years old; gender | ICD | ||
| IBD: 39652; UC: 24422; CD: 11418; IBD-U: 3812 | IBD/CD/UC/IBD-U with PD: 102/30/64/8 (before IBD) | 396520 | with PD: 1556 | General population | ≥ 60 years old; gender | ICD | |||
CAD: Coronary Artery Disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR: hazard ratio; ICD: International Classification of Diseases; IRR: incidence rate ratio; OR: odds ratio; PD: Parkinson’s disease; RR: risk ratio; SIR: standardized incidence ratio; UC: ulcerative colitis.