Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients with COVID-19.
| Variable | All (N = 58) | With normal liver function (n = 28) | With abnormal liver function (n = 30) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.1 ± 14.2 | 65.7 ± 13.5 | 64.5 ± 15.0 | 0.374 |
| Male, n (%) | 30 (51.7) | 9 (32.1) | 21 (70.0) | 0.004 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 8 (13.8) | 1 (3.6) | 7 (23.3) | 0.053 |
| The highest temperature (°C) | 37.9 (37.0–38.7) | 37.4 (36.5–38.0) | 38.3 (37.8–39.0) | 0.007 |
| Severe pneumonia, n (%) | 12 (20.7) | 2 (7.1) | 10 (33.3) | 0.014 |
| Cardiac injury, n (%) | 8 (13.8) | 2 (7.1) | 6 (20.0) | 0.156 |
| Liver functions | ||||
| AST (U/L) | 20 (18–27) | 19 (18–21) | 27 (19–54) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (13–36) | 13 (11–16) | 36 (22–62) | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 26 (16–51) | 17 (12–23) | 51 (31–85) | < 0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 64 (54–75) | 56 (52–67) | 72 (61–85) | 0.001 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 9.2 (6.6–13.3) | 7.5 (5.9–10.2) | 10.5 (8.0–19.7) | 0.010 |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 3.9 (2.7–5.8) | 3.4 (2.4–4.2) | 4.5 (3.6–7.7) | 0.010 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 37.6 (33.8–40.0) | 38.7 (35.5–41.1) | 35.9 (31.6–38.8) | 0.059 |
| Coagulation function | ||||
| PT (s) | 13.4 (13.0–14.2) | 13.3 (12.9–14.2) | 13.5 (13.1–14.5) | 0.378 |
| PT-INR | 1.02 (0.99–1.11) | 1.02 (0.98–1.11) | 1.04 (1.00–1.14) | 0.378 |
| APTT (s) | 38.5 (35.9–41.4) | 38.2 (36.5–40.6) | 39.0 (35.1–42.4) | 0.895 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.93 (0.35–2.00) | 0.38 (0.25–1.29) | 1.45 (0.71–2.89) | < 0.001 |
| Inflammatory markersa | ||||
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 10.6 (1.3–25.7) | 4.2 (0.6–15.3) | 13.5 (5.2–57.4) | 0.003 |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 4.54 (1.86–11.99) | 2.94 (1.69–9.03) | 7.61 (2.59–14.24) | 0.070 |
| TNF-α (ng/L) | 7.7 (5.4–11.9) | 6.1 (5.2–7.7) | 10.4 (8.6–13.3) | 0.003 |
Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (SD), n (%) or median (IQR).
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DBIL, direct bilirubin; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; PT, prothrombin time; TBIL, total bilirubin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ULN, upper limit of normal.
a
Data available for 46 patients. Twenty-four with normal liver function; and 22 with abnormal liver function, respectively.