Table 2.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics of infants born with and without major congenital malformation
| Variables | Presence of major congenital malformation (n=41) |
No major congenital malformation (n=5154) |
P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother’s Age (years) | 31.46 ± 6.70 | 29.66 ± 5.90 | 0.51 |
| DM Status | 0.211 | ||
| GDM | 8 (0.6%) | 1252 (99.4%) | |
| Pre-pregnancy DM | 3 (2%) | 149 (98%) | |
| Controls | 30 (0.8%) | 3753 (99.2%) | |
| Body Mass Index | 33.70 ± 6.37 | 32.31 ± 6.53 | 0.180 |
| Maternal HbA1C (%) before delivery | 5.66 ± 0.49 | 5.40 ± 0.65 | 0.202 |
| Type of Delivery | 0.446 | ||
| VD | 24 (0.7%) | 3183 (99.3%) | |
| CS | 16 (1%) | 1652 (99 %) | |
| ID | 1 (0.3%) | 319 (99.7%) | |
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 38.78 ± 1.351 | 38.23 ± 2.470 | 0.157 |
| Gender | 0.687 | ||
| Male | 20 (0.7%) | 2677 (99.3%) | |
| Female | 21 (0.8%) | 2477 (0.8%) | |
| Placental Weight (gm) | 645.98 ± 111.72 | 653.58 ± 156.46 | 0.756 |
| Birth Weight (gm) | 3142.56 ± 527.60 | 3087.08 ± 601.40 | 0.556 |
| Length (cm) | 49.61 ± 3.33 | 49.75 ± 3.32 | 0.789 |
| Head Circumference (cm) | 34.05 ± 1.82 | 34.06 ± 2.39 | 0.974 |
| Body weight to Gestational Age | 0.960 | ||
| SGA | 6 (0.8%) | 754 (99.2%) | |
| AGA | 4 (0.8%) | 4222 (99.2%) | |
| LGA | 1 (0.6%) | 166 (99.4%) |