Table 2.

Study characteristics and relevant findings of studies of childhood fractures

Author	Timeframe	Study type (sample size)	Relevant findings	Region	STROBE Score
(Alomran et al., 2012) [28]	2004 - 2009	Retrospective N=254	Most fractures occurred in males (62.6%). Almost half of injuries (48.8%) occurred at home. The major cause of injury was fall at home (48.8%) followed by motor vehicle accidents (29.52%)	Riyadh	13
(Al-Habib et al., 2014) [29]	2001 - 2009	Retrospective N=120	The majority of injured children were males (83.3%) (P=0.003). The major cause of spine injury was MVC (60.8%) followed by pedestrian injuries (20.8%), fall-related injuries (15%). Traumatic spine fractures were more common in children age between 16-18 years. The mortality rate was 8.3%.	Riyadh	16
(Al-Jasser et al., 2015) [30]	2005 - 211	Retrospective N=361	The majority of fractures occurred in males (80.6%) (P<0.0001). Injured children were most likely (46.2%) to be between 13-18 of age. The major cause of injury was fall at home (35.7%) followed by door slam (25%) and sport related (17.1%).	Riyadh	16
(Umerani et al., 2018) [31]	2012 - 2014	Retrospective N=72	Epidural hematoma was most likely to occur in males (65.3%) and in age between 5-14 years. The most common cause for epidural hematoma was MVC (52.8%) followed by falls (34.7%). The mortality rate was 8.3%.	Eastern region - Dammam	11
(Jawadi et al., 2019) [31]	2009 - 2015	Retrospective N=58	Nonaccidental fractures were most likely to occur in males (59%) and preschoolers (45%) followed by infants (34%). The rate of hospital admission was 70%. Physical abuse accounted for 44.6% of the incidents whilst 51.8% was due to neglect. The most common type of injury was fall (54.8%) followed by direct hit (26.1%).	Riyadh	16