Table 2.
Studies reporting long-term outcomes of incidentally diagnosed terminal ileitis.
| Author | Region where study was conducted | Study period | Study design | IDTI endoscopic criteria [histological criteria] | Total n | Mean age [years ± SD] | Non-diagnostic colonoscopy [n] | IDTI [n] | NSAID use [n] | Median follow-up [range] months | Follow-up over time [n] | Diagnostic criteria for overt CD | No progression of IDTI [n] | Resolution of IDTI [n] | Progression to CD [n] | Persons who were treated [n] | Treatment (n, median duration in months [IQR]) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodriguez-Lago I et al. | Basque Country, Spain | 2009‐2014 | Retrospective cohort | Erythema, erosions, and ulcers [per ECCO criteria] | 31005 | NR | 31005 | 15 | NR | 37.5 [25–55]b | 21d | NR | NR | NR | NR | 18d | Oral mesalamine [13, 3 [1–7]], topical mesalamine [1, NR], corticosteroids (8, 4 [1.5–11.7]), thiopurines (3, 15 [13–48]) methotrexate [1, 20] and anti-TNF [1, 23] |
| Bezzio C et al. | Milan, Italy | 9/2013 ‐8/2018 | Retrospective cohort | NR | 2062 | 60.8 ± 7.4a | 2062 | 23d | 0 | 13 [2–59] | 23d | NR | NR | NR | 7d | 3d | Corticosteroids followed by vedolizumab [1, NR], corticosteroids followed by azathioprine [1, NR], 5-aminosalicylates [1, NR] |
| Wang WF et al. | Beijing, China | 2000 and 2005 | Retrospective cohort | Non-specific ulcers [NR] | 7 | 76 ± NR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 1 | Based on laboratory studies, small bowel imaging, endoscopy, pathology | 1 | NR | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Zhang FB et al. | Zhengzhou, China | 2005‐2010 | Prospective cohort | Isolated terminal ileal lesions [NR] | 34 | NR | 3 | 3 | 0 | NR | 3 | Based on symptoms, endoscopy, pathology | 1 | 2 | 0 | NR | NR |
| Kang YM et al. | Seoul, Republic of Korea | 1/2007 ‐5/2018 | Retrospective cohort | Isolated terminal ileal lesions [non-specific chronic inflammation] | 88 | NR | 64 | 64 | 0 | NR | 81c | NR | NR | NR | 1c | NR | NR |
| Courville EL et al. | Lebanon, NH, USA | 1995 and 2003 | Retrospective cohort | Aphthous ulcers/erosion, deep mucosal ulcers, erythema, nodularity, and exudate [focal or chronic active ileitis] | 29 | 60 ± NR | 14 | 14 | 4 | 63.6 [26.4–122.4] | 14c | Based on endoscopy and pathology | NR | NR | 0 | NR | NR |
| Castano R et al. | Medellin, Colombia | NR | Retrospective cohort | Isolated terminal ileitis [NR] | 43 | 53.3c | 9 | 9 | 16c | NR | 9c | NR | NR | NR | 0 | NR | NR |
| Siddiki H et al. | Scottsdale, AZ, USA | 2010‐2011 | Retrospective cohort | Ileal ulceration, erosions, nodularity, erythema, cobblestoned appearance [NR] | 32 | 53 ± 15.3c | 11 | 11 | 12c | 38.4 [1–61]c | 32c | Unresolving/worsening inflammation, persistent symptoms, based on colonoscopy, pathology, imaging | NR | NR | 3c | NR | NR |
ECCO, European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation; NR, not reported; NA, not applicable; IDTI, incidentally diagnosed terminal ileitis; ASA, aspirin; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; CD, Crohn’s disease; NH, New Hampshire; AZ, Arizona;TNF, tumour necrosis factor; SD, standard deviation.
aIncluding both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients.
bInterquartile range.
cIn total cohort, including those who underwent both non-diagnostic and diagnostic colonoscopies.
dIncludes those with lesions in intestinal segments besides the terminal ileum.