TABLE 1.
Risk factors associated with lumpy skin disease in cattle farms of Chattogram district of Bangladesh from the univariable logistic regression analysis
| Variables | Level | N (animals) | Positive N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breed | Cross | 3,220 | 340 (11) | 2.40 (0.97–5.95) | .05 |
| Local | 107 | 5 (5) | Ref | ||
| Animal category | Calf | 669 | 43 (6) | 1.37 (0.53–3.55) | <.0001 |
| Heifer | 281 | 42 (15) | 3.51 (1.35–9.14) | ||
| Cow | 2,272 | 255 (11) | 2.52 (1.02–6.26) | ||
| Bull | 105 | 5 (5) | Ref | ||
| Sex | Female | 3,071 | 332 (11) | 2.26 (1.28–4.00) | 0 |
| Male | 256 | 13 (5) | Ref | ||
| Lactationa | 1 | 107 | 98 (92) | 7.70 (6.04–9.37) | <.0001 |
| 2 | 267 | 105 (39) | 4.25 (2.77–5.73) | ||
| 3 | 1,780 | 50 (3) | 1.10 (0.37–2.57) | ||
| 4 | 118 | 2 (2) | Ref | ||
| Introduction of new animals | Yes | 62 | 13 (21) | 2.34 (1.25–4.36) | .007 |
| No | 3,265 | 332 (10) | Ref | ||
| Water source | Pond | 50 | 14 (28) | 3.46 (1.84–6.48) | <.0001 |
| Underground (tubewell) | 3,277 | 331 (10) | Ref | ||
| Floor | Brick | 72 | 13 (18) | 1.93 (1.05–3.57) | .03 |
| Cemented | 3,255 | 332 (10) | Ref | ||
| Overall | 3,327 | 345 (10) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
This OR was calculated only including lactating cows.