Table 1.

Literature review of custom-made femoral implants related total hip arthroplasty (with or without infection)

Ref.	No. of patients	Patient age (yr)	Follow-up (yr)	PJI	Type of femoral defect	Clinical outcome	Complications	Custom method
Jones et al[21]	1 in 9	60	3.3	Chronic (for 50 yr)	Girdlestone resection	No recurrence of infection; walk unaided	-	-
Hsieh et al[22]	9 in 24	59 (average)	4.2 (average)	All chronic	Type-III1: 6 caseType-I1: 3 case	No recurrence of infection	2 fractures & 1 dislocation	Spacer and femoral cement prosthesis with allografts
Westerman et al[23]	1	14	0.8	No infection	III-B2	Symptom free	-	CT reconstruction
Wang et al[24]	1	73	2	No infection	III-B2	Symptom free	-	3D printed titanium sleeve-prosthetic with allografts
Kamath et al[25]	1	68	1.5	Chronic for both knee and hip	IV2	Hip disarticulation	TKA incision breakdown for infection	Mating of a PROSTALAC spacer with an intramedullary nail
Angelini et al[26]	1 in 41	66	1.5	1.3-mo after the first surgery	III-B2	Healed	Deep infection	3D-printed prosthetic implant

¹Classified according to the system proposed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

²Classified according to Paprosky classification. PJI: Periprosthetic joint infection.