Table 2.
Bivariate association between predictors and opioid use disorder in 14–18 year olds in the derivation site
| Characteristic | OUD | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=76,495) |
Yes (n=108) |
||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 15.4 (1.48) | 16.3 (1.48) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)b | |||
| Non-Hispanic White, | 34,245 (44.8%) | 65 (60.2%) | 0.006 |
| Hispanic or Non-Whitec | 25,258 (33%) | 26 (24.1%) | |
| Unknown | 16992 (22.2%) | 17 (15.7%) | |
| Male vs Female, n (%) | 38843 (50.8%) | 60 (55.6%) | 0.32 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current or Former n (%) | 1223 (1.6%) | 19 (17.6%) | <.0001 |
| Nonsmoker, n (%) | 57838 (75.6%) | 66 (61.1%) | |
| Unknown, n (%) | 17434 (22.8%) | 23 (21.3%) | |
| Substance use or SUD, n (%)d | 1209 (1.6%) | 22 (20.4%) | <.0001 |
| Mental health diagnosis, n (%)e | 11287 (14.8%) | 53 (49.1%) | <.0001 |
| Chronic pain diagnosis, n (%) | 13980 (18.3%) | 28 (25.9%) | 0.04 |
| Opioid dispensing in prior year, n (%) | 3958 (5.2%) | 11 (10.2%) | 0.02 |
| Sexual or other behavioral risk indicators, n (%)f | 2588 (3.4%) | 5 (4.6%) | 0.47 |
| Automobile crash or unintentional injury, n (%)g | 4475 (5.9%) | 16 (14.8%) | <.0001 |
p-value for chi-square test except for age where p-value from t-test
Age and race were not included in the final variable model
Non-white includes Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or other
Substance use or SUD excludes tobacco. Persons with history of opioid abuse excluded in study selection.
Mental health condition included Affective/mood disorder, anxiety/adjustment disorder, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, depression, dementia, eating disorder, bipolar/manic disorder, gender identity disorder, other (non-schizophrenic) psychotic disorder, personality disorder, psychotic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, suicidal ideation, potential self-harm, and definite self-harm
Sexual or other behavioral risk indicators includes pregnancy, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, chancroid, trichomoniasis, herpes, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, pelvic inflammatory disease, human papillomavirus, condyloma acuminatum, granuloma inguinale, and salpingitis and oophoritis
Includes diagnoses for any automobile accident including as a bystander and unintential injuries (e.g., accidents from sporting events, daily living, guns, and fire)