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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Aug 28;227:108994. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108994

Table 4.

Prescribing history of opioids (excluding buprenorphine) and benzodiazepines 30 days prior to death among fatal opioid-involved overdose decedents in Rhode Island, June 2016–June 2019.

Men (n=568) Women (n=198) Prevalence Ratio (95%CI) p-value
Dispensed prescription in PDMP within 30 days of death Count Percent Count Percent
Benzodiazepine prescription 74 13% 60 30% 2.19 (1.57, 3.06) <0.001
Opioid prescription 67 12% 42 21% 1.75 (1.13, 2.73) 0.013
Benzodiazepine AND opioid prescription 24 4% 23 12% 2.75 (1.59, 4.76) <0.001
Benzodiazepine prescription and benzodiazepine found on post-mortem toxicology testing 44 8% 41 21% 2.67 (1.80, 3.96) <0.001
Opioid prescription and benzodiazepine on post-mortem toxicology testing 22 4% 18 9% 2.34 (1.29, 4.28) 0.005