Table 1:

Cohort Demographics by Race

	Total		Black		White		p-value*
	n or mean	% or SD	n or mean	% or SD	n or mean	% or SD
Size of Groups	6,374	100	1,070	17.0	5,304	83.0	-
Outcome
Patient received MOUD within 180 days of OUD diagnosis (n, %)†	3,004	47.1	318	29.7	2,686	50.6	0.000 *
Controls
Gender (n, %)
Female	2,906	45.6	411	38.4	2,495	47.0	0.000 *
Male	3,468	54.4	659	61.6	2,809	53.0
Age Group (n, %)
18-29	1,811	28.4	189	17.7	1,622	30.6	0.000 *
30-39	2,183	34.2	228	21.3	1,955	36.9
40-49	1,156	18.1	256	23.9	900	17.0
50-64	1,224	19.2	397	37.1	827	15.6
Eligibility Group (n, %)
Expansion	2,325	36.5	299	27.9	2,026	38.2	0.000 *
SSI	1,737	27.3	481	45.0	1,256	23.7
Other	2,312	36.3	290	27.1	2,022	38.1
Potential Mediators in 180 Days After OUD Diagnosis §
Mental Health Diagnosis (n, %)	2,266	35.6	400	37.4	1,866	35.2	0.170
Non-OUD SUD Diagnosis (n, %)	1,710	26.8	428	40.0	1,282	24.2	0.000 *
HIV Diagnosis (n, %)	8	0.1	4	0.4	4	0.1	0.012 *
HCV Diagnosis (n, %)	340	5.3	40	3.7	300	5.7	0.011 *
Any SUD treatment utilization (non-MOUD) (n, %)	4,368	68.5	728	68.0	3640	68.6	0.705
Intensive SUD treatment utilization (non-MOUD) (n, %)	2,367	37.1	420	39.3	1947	36.7	0.116
Days in Allegheny County Jail (Mean, SD)	8.93	31.4	14.18	40.4	7.87	29.1	0.000 *
Days in Court, Drug Offenses (Mean, SD)	0.12	0.4	0.08	0.3	0.13	0.4	0.001 *
Days in Court, Nondrug Offenses (Mean, SD)	0.21	0.5	0.18	0.5	0.22	0.6	0.029 *
Months with Child Welfare Involvement (Mean, SD)	0.31	1.2	0.41	1.4	0.29	1.2	0.004 *
Months with Housing Support (Mean, SD)	0.39	1.4	0.99	2.1	0.27	1.2	0.000 *
Days in Inpatient Setting (Mean, SD)	0.84	4.1	1.27	5.9	0.75	3.7	0.002 *
Days in ED (Mean, SD)	1.39	2.8	1.91	4.1	1.28	2.5	0.000 *

^*P-value for differences in proportions between Black and White enrollees in the cohort. Differences were assessed using Chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Asterisks indicate statistical significant, p<.05.

^†MOUD included buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone and was identified using a combination of physical health, behavioral health, and pharmacy claims paid by Pennsylvania Medicaid and by Allegheny County.

^§We constructed mediators based on a review of evidence on 1) the association between race and health diagnoses and public service system contact, and 2) the association between health status measures and public service system contact and initiation of MOUD.