Table 2.

Intervention characteristics

	Excercise intervention				Nutrition
Study	Frequency	Intensity	Type	Timing	Nutrition	Intervention group	Supervision	Usual care group
Baumann 2010 [27]	Daily	80% of watt max	Aerobic and	During hospitalization		Aerobic exercise: 10–20 min on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of achieved watt load in a WHO-endurance test. During aplasia twice daily, after engraftment once daily	Yes	Supervised low intensity passive and active mobilization consisting of gymnastics, massages, extensions and coordination training, 5 days a week
			ADL training			Other components: ADL training consisting of walking, stepping and stretching, 20 min daily
Coleman 2012 [29]	3 to 4 times a week	65–80% max. heart rate	Aarobic	Before hospitalization		Aerobic exercise: walking at 65–80% of maximum heart rate, 3–4 days a week	No	Recommendation to walk 20 min three times a week
		80% of 1RM	Strength			Strength training: training extremities at 80% of 1RM, 3–4 days a week
						Other components: stretching exercises for hamstrings, shoulder rotation, calves, hip flexors and triceps; daily
Hacker 2011 [33]	3 times a week	Goal: Borg scale 13	Strength	After hospitalization		Strength training: progressive resistance training using elastic resistance bands and body weight for resistance, 3 times a week. Intensity somewhat hard (Borg scale 13)	Partly	Recommendations regarding rest, physical activity and exercise from HSCT physician
Hacker 2017 [34]	3 times a week	Goal: Borg scale 13	Strength	During and after		Strength training: progressive resistance using elastic resistance bands and body weight for resistance. Intensity somewhat hard (Borge scale 13, 3 times a week)	Partly	Two visits a week to discuss hospital experience during hospitalization. Standardized 1-on-1 education intervention, once a week after discharge, for 6 weeks
				hospitalization		Other components: active range of motion exercises; as many as possible, 2 times a week
Jabbour 2019 [36]					30–35 kcal and 1.5 g protein	Main intervention: advise on a diet high in energy and protein: 30–35 cal and 1.5 g of protein per kg adjusted weight, once a month	n/a	Advise on food safety guidelines at discharge
					Per kg adjusted weight	Other components: advise on food safety guidelines. Encouragement to exercise: 150 min of moderate intensity activity through-out the week and muscle-Strengthening activities 2 or more days a week
Knols 2011 [37]	2 times a week	50–80% max. heart rate	Aerobic	After hospitalization		Aerobic exercise: ergometer-cycling: 50–80% of estimated maximum heart rate, 2 times a week	Yes	Usual care
			Strength			Strength training: progressive resistance training with dumbbells
Koutoukidis 2020 [38]	3 times a week	50–75% max. heart rate	Aerobic	During and after hospitalization		Aerobic exercise: training on treadmill walking, cycle ergometer, cross-trainer or stepper at 50–75% of predicted maximum heart rate, 3 times a week	Partly	Asked to maintain usual lifestyle
		max. 10 repetions	Strength			Strength training: resistance exercise using weightlifting equipment, body weight or resistance bands: progressed by 10 repetition maximum
Pahl 2020 [40]	Daily	Goal: Borg scale 14–16	Strength	During hospitalization		Strength training: whole body vibration training of the legs, 20 min daily. Intensity goal of Borg scale 14 to16	Yes	Supervised mobilization of the spine and stretching of the whole body sitting or lying in bed or standing in front of it for 20 min daily
Persoon 2017 [41]	2 times a week (13 weeks);	30–65% of MSEC	Aerobic	During and after hospitalization		Aerobic exercise: interval training on a bicycle ergometer: 2 × 8 min at 30–65% of MSEC	Yes	Not specifically motivated to exercise, but not restricted
	Later 1 time a week	65–80% of 1RM;	Strength			Strength training: resistance exercises 10 per set at 65–80% of 1RM, later 20 per set at 35–40% of 1RM. Twice weekly, from week 13 onwards once weekly
		Later 35–40% of 1RM				Other components: five motivating counseling sessions
Ren 2020					1.5 g/kg/day and	Main intervention: ingestion of 1.5 g/kg/day blended protein (50% whey, 50% soy) per day	n/a	Given standardized dietary recommendations: 35 kcal/kg/d and 1,5 g/kg/d protein
					35 kcal/kg/day	Other components: given standardized dietary recommendations: 35 kcal/kg/d and 1,5 g/kg/d protein
Santa Mina 2020 [46]	3 times a week	60–80% of heart rate	Aerobic	Before, during and		Aerobic exercise: training using stationary cycle, treadmill, elliptical machine or briskly walking at 60–80% of heart rate reserve for 10–15 min	Partly	Standard physiotherapy to maintain ability to perform activities of daily living. At 100 days post-discharge offered the same program as rehabilitation in intervention group
		Individually modified to maintain	Strength	after hospitalization		Strength training: resistance training using free weights and/or resistance bands. Prehabilitation and
		Sufficient training stimulus				posthabilitation for 30–45 min, inpatient 10–30 min. Both three times a week
Wiskemann 2011 [47, 48]	3 times a week	Goal: Borg scale 12–14	Aerobic	Before, during and		Aerobic exercise: endurance training: (Nordic) walking, bicycling, jogging for 15–40 min at Borg scale 12–14. Three times a week	No	Physiotherapy offered up to 3 sessions a week during hospitalization (standard care)
	2 times a week	Goal: Borg scale 14–16	Strength	after hospitalization		Strength training: exercises for the upper and lower extremities with and without stretch bands: 8–20 reps, 2–3 sets: at Borg scale 14–16. Two times a week
						Other components: weekly phone calls for questions and to review adherence
Wood 2020 [49]	3 to 4 times a week	80% max. heart rate	Aerobic	Before hospitalization untill SCT		Aerobic training: interval training: walking, jogging, running, cycling, elliptical or stair climbing, 5 min warm up followed by five 2-min intervals targeting 80% of maximum heart rate and 3-min low-intensity recovery intervals. 3–4 times a week	No	Weekly scripted calls, not provided with motivational message. Wore Fitbit
						Other components: individual counseling, weekly motivational phone calls and Fitbit step reminders

ADL activities of daily living, n/a not applicable, 1RM one repetition maximum, MSEC maximal short excercise capacity, SCT stem cell transplantation