Fig. 1.

CD147 knockout and anti-CD147 antibody exhibit universal inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 and variants. a SARS-CoV-2 and its four variants—alpha, beta, gamma, and delta infected VeroE6 cells or CD147^−/− VeroE6 cells for 48 h, and RNA was collected for viral RNA detection by Taqman RT-qPCR. Data are normalized to the infectivity in wild-type VeroE6 cells (n = 3, two-tailed student t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). b Meplazumab inhibiting the infection of VeroE6 cells by SARS-CoV-2 and its four variants. Data are normalized to the infectivity in IgG group (n = 3, Two-tailed student t test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001). c Viral infection efficiency was detected by luciferase reporter assay. VeroE6 cells and CD147^−/− VeroE6 cells were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and nine mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Data are normalized to the infectivity in wild-type VeroE6 cells (n = 3, Two-tailed student t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). d Meplazumab (60 μg/ml) inhibiting the infection of VeroE6 cells by SARS-CoV-2 and nine mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Data are normalized to the infectivity in IgG group (n = 3, Two-tailed student t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). e The interaction of CD147 and RBD mutants detected by SPR assay