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. 2021 Sep 13;26(18):5558. doi: 10.3390/molecules26185558

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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PCs reduced MPP⁺-induced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. (a) ROS levels were measured by fluorescent microscopy and imaging analysis; (b) ROS levels were measured by image J software; (c) MDA levels; (d) GSH-Px activity; (e) CAT activity; (f) SOD activity. F and p values of the one-way analysis of variance are presented above each chart. The results of Tukey’s post hoc test are presented for selected comparisons: ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; the error bars are SD.

PCs reduced MPP⁺-induced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. (a) ROS levels were measured by fluorescent microscopy and imaging analysis; (b) ROS levels were measured by image J software; (c) MDA levels; (d) GSH-Px activity; (e) CAT activity; (f) SOD activity. F and p values of the one-way analysis of variance are presented above each chart. The results of Tukey’s post hoc test are presented for selected comparisons: ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; the error bars are SD.