Measurement of miRNAs in primary MTs exposed to TGF-β1. Primary MTs were left untreated or exposed to TGF-β1 for 3-10 days. Primary MTs were fixed at day 10 and co-stained for αSMA and albumin (A), vimentin and CD68 (B), CD31 and vWF (C) and FN1 (D), and counterstained with DAPI. Cell culture supernatant was collected over 10 days to investigate miRNA release of primary MTs exposed to TGF-β1 using q-RT-PCR. miRNAs measured included: miR-122-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-99b-5p and miR-125a-5p, which were measured at day 3, day 6, day 8 and day 10, and analyzed using q-RT-PCR (E). Data are expressed as fold change, n = 9. Bar graphs represent means ± SD; statistical analysis based on Student’s unpaired t test; *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.