Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Before, During, and After Home confinement.
| Variable | Energy Expenditure | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | p-Value * | |
| Age (years) | 49.35 (10,11) | 49.03 (11,11) | 49.48 (13,02) | 0.92 |
| Age (categorized) | ||||
| 18–34 | 8 (14.3%) | 23 (41.1%) | 25 (44.6%) | 0.74 |
| 35–64 | 74 (18.1%) | 181 (44.4%) | 153 (37.5%) | |
| ≥65 | 6 (17.1%) | 13 (37.1%) | 16 (45.7%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 59 (19.0%) | 135 (43.4%) | 117 (37.6%) | 0.56 |
| Male | 29 (15.4%) | 82 (43.6%) | 77 (41.0%) | |
| District | ||||
| Apulia | 17 (13.5%) | 64 (50.8%) | 45 (35.7%) | 0.18 |
| Calabria | 30 (16.2%) | 80 (43.2%) | 75 (40.5%) | |
| Campania | 41 (21.8%) | 73 (38.8%) | 74 (39.4%) | |
| BMI (categorized) | ||||
| <25 | 38 (14.3%) | 112 (42.3%) | 115 (43.4%) | 0.096 |
| 25–30 | 39 (20.6%) | 83 (43.9%) | 67 (35.4%) | |
| >30 | 11 (24.4%) | 22 (48.9%) | 12 (26.7%) | |
| Time spent sitting (min) | ||||
| Before | 205.18 (148.84) | 223.38 (130.99) | 190.10 (119.04) | 0.034 |
| During | 424.31 (172.37) | 383.05 (165.45) | 410.63 (200.15) | 0.066 |
| After | 227.19 (153.40) | 250.11 (150.23) | 222.54 (133.96) | 0.13 |
| GSRS total score | ||||
| Before | 24.73 (5.50) | 22.92 (5.04) | 22.57 (4.86) | 0.003 |
| During | 24.83 (6.36) | 25.16 (6.50) | 25.36 (6.60) | 0.82 |
| After | 24.63 (6.20) | 22.46 (5.89) | 21.99 (5.69) | 0.006 |
| GSRS (categorized) | ||||
| Before | ||||
| Absent | 5 (15.6%) | 11 (34.4%) | 16 (50.0%) | 0.092 |
| Mild | 30 (12.9%) | 109 (47.0%) | 93 (40.1%) | |
| Moderate | 45 (22.1%) | 82 (40.2%) | 77 (37.7%) | |
| Severe | 8 (25.8%) | 15 (48.4%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
| During | ||||
| Absent | 3 (15.8%) | 10 (52.6%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0.41 |
| Mild | 57 (30.2%) | 102 (54.0%) | 30 (15.9%) | |
| Moderate | 53 (25.4%) | 113 (54.1%) | 43 (20.6%) | |
| Severe | 17 (20.7%) | 48 (58.5%) | 17 (20.7%) | |
| After | ||||
| Absent | 4 (7.3%) | 23 (41.8%) | 28 (50.9%) | <0.001 |
| Mild | 22 (9.1%) | 92 (38.0%) | 128 (52.9%) | |
| Moderate | 20 (13.0%) | 53 (34.4%) | 81 (52.6%) | |
| Severe | 16 (33.3%) | 21 (43.8%) | 11 (22.9%) | |
* ANOVA for continuous and X2 for categorical variables were applied where appropriate. Cell content: mean (SD) or frequency (%) as appropriate. BMI: Body Mass Index; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale.