Table 5.

Genes involved in biofilm production by L. monocytogenes.

Gene	Product	Function	Reference
degU	Putative response regulator	degU is essential for flagellar synthesis and motility in L. monocytogenes. It is required for growth at high temperature, adherence to plastic surfaces and formation of efficient biofilms. It also functions in virulence of L. monocytogenes.	[168,170]
flaA	Flagellin A	Involved in initial attachment of L. monocytogenes in biofilm formation.	[169,171]
agrBDCA	Peptide-sensing system	Peptide-sensing system involved in quorum-sensing. Involved in early stages of biofilm formation. Also involved in virulence.	[172,173]
bapL	Putative cell wall-anchored protein	Surface adherence of L. monocytogenes in L. monocytogenes.	[174]
sigB	Major transcriptional regulator of stress response genes	Required to obtain wild-type levels of static and continuous-flow biofilms. Also involved in resistance of planktonic/biofilm cells to benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid.	[175]
dltABCD	D-alanylation pathway	Further work needed to find specific function.	[177]
phoPR	Phosphate-sensing two component system	Further work needed to find specific function.	[177]