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. 2021 Sep 15;11(9):970. doi: 10.3390/life11090970

Table 1.

Main bioindicator features (based on [5,6,7,8]).

Bioindicator Number Bioindicator Features
1 Sufficiently sensitive to provide an early warning of change and relevant to ecologically significant events
2 Distribution over a broad geographical area
3 Applicable on a large scale
4 Attitude of providing a continuous assessment over a wide variety of stress
5 Relatively independent of sample size
6 Easy and cost-effective data collect and analysis
7 Able to differentiate between natural cycles and cycles induced by anthropogenic stress