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. 2021 Sep 9;11(9):612. doi: 10.3390/metabo11090612

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Total concentrations of fecal primary bile acids (sum of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA)) for healthy control and combined groups. Data presented as logged values of µg/mg of dried weight. Healthy control, constipation (FC + IBS-C) phenotype, diarrhea (FD + IBS-D) phenotype. Boxplots show median (center line), 25th and 75th percentile (top and bottom of boxes, respectively), with whiskers representing 1.5 times the inter-quartile range, and boundaries of notches show 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical significance denoted as p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.001 (****). Constipation group is defined as individuals with both FC and IBS-C. Diarrhea group is defined as individuals with both FD and IBS-D.