Table 1.
Baseline and in-hospital characteristics of acute myocardial infarction admissions.
| Characteristic | Underweight (N = 38,070) |
Normal (N = 5,094,721) |
Overweight/Obese (N = 957,188) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 76.7 ± 12.2 | 68.2 ± 14.1 | 61.7 ± 12.3 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 62.1 | 38.2 | 41.4 | <0.001 | |
| Race | White | 70.6 | 68.4 | 68.9 | <0.001 |
| Black | 13.1 | 9.3 | 11.2 | ||
| Others a | 16.3 | 22.3 | 19.9 | ||
| Primary payer | Medicare | 81.9 | 58.7 | 46.3 | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 6.2 | 7.0 | 9.7 | ||
| Private | 8.4 | 25.3 | 33.6 | ||
| Others b | 3.5 | 9.0 | 10.4 | ||
| Quartile of median household income for zip code | 0–25th | 34.0 | 29.5 | 30.9 | <0.001 |
| 26th–50th | 26.7 | 27.4 | 27.9 | ||
| 51st–75th | 21.3 | 23.6 | 23.9 | ||
| 75th–100th | 18.0 | 19.6 | 17.3 | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0–3 | 11.9 | 37.1 | 47.4 | <0.001 |
| 4–6 | 48.8 | 40.9 | 35.6 | ||
| ≥7 | 39.2 | 21.9 | 17.0 | ||
| Hypertension | 57.6 | 65.2 | 72.2 | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 35.5 | 54.3 | 64.6 | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, type II | 35.5 | 38.6 | 40.2 | <0.001 | |
| Chronic lung disease | 37.8 | 17.8 | 19.9 | <0.001 | |
| Moderate/severe kidney disease | 21.7 | 16.4 | 18.4 | <0.001 | |
| Cancer | 12.6 | 7.9 | 4.8 | <0.001 | |
| Hospital teaching status and location |
Rural | 10.9 | 9.7 | 8.1 | <0.001 |
| Urban non-teaching | 32.3 | 36.3 | 34.8 | ||
| Urban teaching | 56.8 | 54.0 | 57.1 | ||
| Hospital bed-size | Small | 15.2 | 12.4 | 12.2 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 27.4 | 26.1 | 26.8 | ||
| Large | 57.3 | 61.4 | 61.0 | ||
| Hospital region | Northeast | 19.4 | 19.0 | 15.5 | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 23.3 | 22.7 | 25.2 | ||
| South | 39.5 | 40.3 | 40.9 | ||
| West | 17.8 | 18.1 | 18.5 | ||
| Acute myocardial infarction type | ST-segment elevation | 19.9 | 31.3 | 27.0 | <0.001 |
| Non-ST-segment elevation | 80.1 | 68.7 | 73.0 | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 4.7 | 5.3 | 4.6 | <0.001 | |
| Coronary angiography | 37.8 | 67.9 | 76.5 | <0.001 | |
| Early coronary angiography (day 0) | 14.7 | 34.7 | 36.3 | <0.001 | |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 19.6 | 46.5 | 49.5 | <0.001 | |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 4.3 | 7.9 | 13.0 | <0.001 | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.9 | <0.001 | |
| Acute organ failure | Multi-organ | 21.8 | 12.3 | 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory | 17.8 | 10.1 | 10.6 | <0.001 | |
| Hepatic | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.2 | <0.001 | |
| Renal | 23.9 | 15.6 | 17.0 | <0.001 | |
| Hematologic | 7.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | <0.001 | |
| Neurologic | 10.2 | 4.2 | 3.5 | <0.001 | |
| Mechanical circulatory support | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.2 | <0.001 | |
| Pulmonary artery catheterization | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | <0.001 | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | <0.001 | |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 4.1 | 2.1 | 3.3 | <0.001 | |
| Acute hemodialysis | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | <0.001 | |
Legend: Represented as percentage or mean ± standard deviation; a Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, Others; b Self-Pay, No Charge, Others.