Table 2.

High-pressure extraction (HPE) of crustacean by-products for the recovery of valuable compounds.

Species	By-Products	Compound	Extraction Conditions	Optimum Conditions	Yield and Characteristics of Products’	References
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)	Head and shell	Astaxanthin	P: 0.1–600 MPa, liquid-to-solid ratio (10 to 50 mL/g), and pressure holding time (0–20 min)	P: 210 MPa P holding time:9.2 min, liquid-solid-ratio: 32 mL/g	89.12 μg/g	[82]
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)	Shells	Astaxanthin	P: 0.1–600 MPa, holding times (0–20 min), different solvents (acetone, dichloromethane, and ethanol), and solvent to solid ratios (10–50 mL/g)	Ethanol, liquid to solid ratio of 20 mL/g and 200 MPa for 5min.	71.1 μg/g, better antioxidant activity in the extract than conventional solvent extraction	[49]
Rainbow Shrimp (Parapenaeopsis sculptili) Bird shrimp (Metapenaeus lysianassa) Giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Shrimp (Metapenaeopsis hardwickii) Banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) Giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)	Head, shell, and tail	Astaxanthin	P: 210 MPa, time 10 min, solvent mixture of acetone and methanol (7:3, v/v).	Higher total carotenoid and astaxanthin yield obtained for P. monodon	Total carotenoid: 68.26 µg/mL astaxanthin yield: 59.9744 µg/gdw	[83]

P: Pressure.