Table 3.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of crustacean by-products for the recovery of valuable compounds.

Species	By-Products	Compounds	Extraction Conditions	Optimum Conditions	Yield and Characteristics of Products	References
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)	Head	Lipids and carotenoids	Pulse and continuous Mode, sonication time (15, 20, 25, and 30 min), amplitudes of 50– 90%, 4 °C	80% amplitude with continuous mode, for 25 min.	50% yield, Extract richer in free fatty acids and higher oxidation level	[93]
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)	Head	Lipids and carotenoids	Frequency: 20 kHz, Power: 750 W, amplitudes: 60–100%	80% amplitude for 10 min at 4 °C	Lipid yield: 10–11 g/100 g, carotenoids yields: 8.6–8.8 mg/g lipid, higher lipid oxidation and hydrolysis	[94]
Giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)	Shell	Chitin	Demineralization in 0.25 M HCl (1:40 solid-to-solvent, w/v) at 40 °C, sonicated for 0, 1, and 4 h. Deproteinization in 0.25 M NaOH (1:15 solid-to-solvent, w/v) at 40 °C, sonicated for 0, 1, and 4 h	4 h	Lower content of proteins (7.45%) and deacetylation degree (61.4%)	[96]
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)	Shell	Chitosan	Deacetylation: NaOH (35%–65%, w/w), ratio of chitin (1:15, w/v), 80 °C, 360 min., frequency of 37 kHz and power of 300 W	Deacetylation rate improved with concentration of NaOH below 45% (w/w)	Higher solubility of chitosan	[95]