SFE |
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High yields for carotenoids extraction
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Reduced processing times
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Use of solvents generally recognized as safe (GRAS), CO2 is inert, non-toxic, non-flammable, and cheap, high affinity for apolar compounds
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Short extraction time and minimal usage of organic solvents
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Limited sample size
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Extraction efficiency affected by matrix type, analyte type, and moisture content of the matrix
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Difficult to optimize conditions
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High cost of SFE equipment
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Few commercial plants available
|
[71,101] |
HPE |
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Environmentally friendly
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Rapid and highly efficient extraction
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Reduced presence of impurities
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Preservation of the bioactivity of the extracted compounds, in particular, thermo-sensitive ones
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Ability to use different solvents (and solvent ratios) with distinct polarities
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|
[49,81] |
PEF |
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Non-thermal behavior
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High selectivity
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Less time and energy consumption
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High yields for carotenoids extraction
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Does not require any additional chemicals
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Can be used in continuous mode
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Limitedly studied for the extraction of compounds from crustaceans by-products
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Use can be limited due to the conductivity of matrix
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High initial investment of PEF equipment
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Limited extraction of lipophilic compounds
|
[85,87] |
UAE |
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Higher extraction yield or rate
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Opportunity to use alternative (GRAS) solvents
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Enhancing yield extraction of heat-sensitive components
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Increase the yield of lipids
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|
[91,94] |