Table 1.
Top mirtrons in cancer.
| Mirtron | Type | Host Gene and Intron | Validated Gene Targets | Cancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-miR-877 | Mirtron |
ABCF1 Intron 12 |
ACP5 [52], AQP3 [53], ATXN7L3 [54], CCNA2 [55], CD274 [56], CDK14 [57], CDKN2A (upreg) [58], FGF2 [59], FOXM1 [60], FOXP4 [61], IGF1R [62], MACC1 [63], MTDH [64], PIK3R3 [65], PMEPA1 [66], STARD13 [67], SUZ12 [68], TLR4 [69], VEGFA [70] | Bladder (TS) [58], Cervical (TS) [54,59,63], Colorectal (TS) [64], Gastric (TS) [53,56,70], Glioma (Onc) [69], Glioma (TS) [68], Laryngeal (TS) [61], Liver (TS) [57,60,65], Lung (TS) [52,55,62], Oesophageal (TS) [66], Pancreatic (Onc) [67] |
| hsa-miR-1224 | Mirtron |
VWA5B2 Intron 17 |
CREB1 [71], ELF3 [72], ETV1 [73], FAK [74], KLF3 [75], PGM5 [76], PLK1 [77], RSF1 [78], SLC29A3 [79], SP1 [80], SND1 [81,82], TGFBR2 [83], TNS4 [84], | Breast (Onc) [76], Colorectal (TS) [80], Gastric (TS) [74,78], Glioma (TS) [71,83], Lung (TS) [73,75], Oesophageal (TS) [84], Osteosarcoma (TS) [77], Ovarian (TS) [81], Pancreatic (TS) [72], Prostate (TS) [82], Rectal (TS) [79] |
| hsa-miR-1226 | Mirtron |
DHX30 Intron 20 |
AKT1 [85], AQP5 [86], DUSP4 [87], ERBB2 [85], ITGB1 [88], MUC1 [89], PIK3R2 [85] | Breast (TS) [85,86,89], Liver (TS) [87,88], |
| hsa-miR-1227 | Mirtron |
PLEKHJ1 Intron 1 |
IRF2 [90], MAPK13 [91], SUPT16H [92] | Endometrial (TS) [91], Lung (TS) [92], Osteosarcoma (Onc) [90], |
| hsa-miR-1228 | Mirtron |
LRP1 Intron 48 |
CSNK2A2 [93], MIF [94], MMP14 [95], SCAI [96,97], SOX17 [98], TCF21 [99], TP53 [100,101], | Breast (Onc) [96,98], Gastric (TS) [93,94,95], Liver (Onc) [101], Lung (Onc) [99], Osteosarcoma (Onc) [97], Ovarian (Onc) [100] |
| hsa-miR-1229 | Mirtron |
MGAT4B Intron 1 |
APC [102], GSK3B [102], HIPK2 [103], ICAT [102], ITGB8 [104], MTOR [105], | Breast (Onc) [102], Colorectal (Onc) [103], Glioma (TS) [104,105], |
| hsa- miR-1236 | Mirtron |
RDBP Intron 7 |
AFP [106], ATG7 [107], CHD4 [108], CDKN1A (upreg) [109], HDAC3 [110], HMGB1 [111], HOXB7 [112,113], KLF8 [114], MTA2 [115], SENP1 [110], SLC9A1 [116], TPT1 [117], TRIM37 [118], ZEB1 [119,120], | Breast (TS) [108,116,120], Cervical (TS) [118], Colorectal (TS) [112], Gastric (TS) [111,115], Glioma (TS) [113], Lung (TS) [107,114,117], Liver (TS) [106], Kidney (TS) [109], Ovarian (TS) [119], |
| hsa-miR-937 | 3′-tailed mirtron |
SCRIB Intron 29 |
APAF1 [121], CCRL2 [122], FOXQ1 [123], INPP4B [124], SOX17 [125], TIMP3 [126], | Breast (Onc) [121,125], Breast (TS) [123], Colorectal (Onc) [126], Lung (Onc) [124], |
| hsa-miR-939 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
CPSF1 Intron 4 |
APC2 [127], ARHGAP4 [128], BCL2L1 [129,130], CDH5 [131], HDGF [132], IGF1R [133], JUNB [134], LIMK2 [135], NGFR [136], SLC34A2 [137], TIMP2 [138], | Breast (Onc) [131], Colorectal (TS) [130,135], Gastric (TS) [137], Lung (Onc) [138], Lymphoma (TS) [134], Ovarian (Onc) [127], Osteosarcoma (TS) [133], Pancreatic (Onc) [128], Prostate (TS) [132], |
| hsa-miR-1292 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
NOP56 Intron 11 |
DEK [139] | Gastric (TS) [139], |
| hsa-miR-1976 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
RPS6KA1 Intron 6 |
PIK3CG [140], PLCE1 [141], | Breast (TS) [140], Lung (TS) [141], |
| hsa-miR-4728 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
ERBB2 Intron 25 |
CAV1 [142], COL1A2 [142], EBP1 [143], ESR1 [144], MST4 [145], PAPD5 [146], THBS2 [142] | Breast (Onc) [143,146], Breast (TS) [145], Colorectal (TS) [142], Lung (TS) [147], |
| hsa-miR-6838 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
POLM Intron 10 |
GPRIN3 [148], WNT3A [149], | Breast (TS) [149], Gastric (TS) [148] |
| hsa-miR-6852 | 5′-tailed mirtron |
TLN1 Intron 24 |
FOXJ1 [150], LEF1 [151], ICAM1 [152], TCF7 [153], | Colorectal (TS) [153], Gastric (TS) [150], Glioma (TS) [151], Liver (TS) [152] |
Top cancer-relevant mirtrons, with mirtron type and host intron location as annotated by Wen et al. [39]. Target genes are downregulated by their respective mirtrons; except those denoted “upreg” to indicate that the target gene is upregulated by non-canonical mechanisms. “TS” and “Onc” denote tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles, respectively, in their corresponding tumor types.