Table 2.

Inhibition of HMB uptake in hCMEC/D3 cells by various anions.

Inhibitor	HMB Uptake (% of Control)
Control	100 ± 2
1 mM PAH	103 ± 4
5 mM Glycine	92.6 ± 4.2
5 mM Proline	90.1 ± 6.2 *
5 mM Leucine	81.4 ± 5.2 **
Control (+20 mM Sodium chloride)	100 ± 2
20 mM Lactate	28.4 ± 0.3 **
20 mM Pyruvate	23.2 ± 1.5 **
20 mM Acetate	29.1 ± 1.1 **
20 mM Propionate	26.7 ± 1.0 **
20 mM Butyrate	25.5 ± 0.5 **
20 mM β-Hydroxybutyrate	22.2 ± 0.9 **
20 mM Nicotinate	27.5 ± 2.8
Control (+0.5% DMSO)	100 ± 2
1 mM Probenecid	45.0 ± 3.3 **

Uptake of HMB (30 μM) in hCMEC/D3 cells was measured in a Na⁺-free buffer, pH 6.0, in the absence (control) or presence of various compounds at indicated concentrations.*, p < 0.05 and **, p < 0.01 compared to the corresponding control uptake. PAH, p-aminohippurate; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; HMB, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate.