Table 4.

The effect of non-pharmacological treatment on somatic symptoms and sleep disorders.

Study Authors	Country	n	Study Aim	Compared Interventions	Outcomes
Kleinstäuber et al. (2011) [61]	Germany	1781	The accuracy of STPP for somatization and depression	STPP vs. control	STPP significantly reduced somatic symptoms and depression
Van Dessel et al. (2014) [62]	The Netherlands	2658	The effectiveness of CBT on somatization patients	CBT vs. usual/enhanced care	CBT reduced somatic symptoms at 1-year follow-up but was not more effective compared with enhanced care
Abbas et al. (2020) [63]	United Kingdom	2004	STPP on patients with somatization	STPP vs. minimal treatment	STPP significantly outperformed minimal treatment
Jungquist et al. (2010) [64]	USA	28	The efficiency of CBT for insomnia and chronic pain	CBT vs. control	CBT patients exhibited decreases in sleep latency and increases in efficiency of sleep but no difference in pain severity
Schröder et al. (2012) [65]	Denmark	66	The efficiency of STreSS on patients with somatization	STreSS vs. enhanced care	STreSS group had a greater improvement of the primary outcome than enhanced care
Tang et al. (2012) [66]	United Kingdom	20	The hybrid CBT intervention on sleep and pain outcomes	CBT PI vs. symptom monitoring	Hybrid intervention was associated with greater improvement in sleep, although pain intensity did not change
Pigeon et al. (2012) [67]	USA	21	The efficiency of CBT PI on patients with co-occurring pain and insomnia	CBT PI vs. waiting list	CBT PI produced significant improvement in sleep and disability from pain
Fjorback et al. (2013) [68]	Denmark	119	The efficiency of mindfulness on somatization	Mindfulness therapy vs. enhanced care	Mindfulness therapy was comparable with enhanced care in improvingsomatic symptoms and insomnia

CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy; STreSS, specialized treatment for severe bodily distress syndromes; STPP, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.