Table 5.
Beneficial Actions of Luteolin *.
|
• Antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding |
[237,330,331,352] |
|
• Has broad antiviral properties |
[327,328,329] |
|
• Improves cerebral cortical oxygenation and cognition |
[347,348] |
|
• Induces the synthesis and secretion of BDNF |
[77,349,350,351] |
|
• Inhibits serine proteases required for Spike protein processing |
[353,354] |
|
• Inhibits neuroinflammation |
[340,341,342] |
|
• Inhibits the release and action of PAF |
[249,250] |
|
• Inhibits mast cell stimulation by different triggers |
[317,335] |
|
• Inhibits microglia activation |
[259,332,333,334] |
|
• Interferes with coronavirus replication |
[355] |
|
• Is neuroprotective |
[336,337,338,339] |
|
• Reduces cognitive decline |
[61,343,344,345,346] |
|
• Reduces oxidative stress |
[320] |
|
• Regulates inflammasome activation |
[356] |
* Methoxyluteolin is more potent, metabolically stable, enters the brain more efficiently, and is better tolerated due to the absence of phenolic groups.