Table 1.

Gene therapy in clinical trials to treat heart diseases.

NCT Number	Gene Target	Disease	Administration Route	Delivery Method	Clinical Phase	Current Status	Results	References
NCT01643330	SERCA2a	Advanced heart failure	Percutaneous/intracoronary administration	AAV1 vector	Terminated in phase 2b	Terminated	Safe but no improvement in outcomes in phase 2b	[9,10,11,12,13]
NCT00787059	Adenylyl cyclase type 6 (AC6)	Congestive heart failure	Intracoronary administration	Adenovirus-5 (Ad5)	Phase 2 and FDA approved phase 3	Completed	Improvement in LV function	[14]
NCT02694575	SDF-1	Chronic heart failure	Endocardial injection	Plasmid DNA	Phase 2	Completed	Increased EV and SV at 12 months	[15]
NCT03039751	VEGF-D	Severe coronary heart disease	Endocardial injection	Adenovirus	Phase 2	Recruiting	\	[16,17]
NCT00936819	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)	Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)	Intracoronary injection	Endothelial progenitor cells transfected with linear polyethyleneimine (jetPEI)	Phase 2b	Recruiting	\	[18,19]
NCT00135850	VEGF 165	Ischemic cardiopathy	Intramyocardial injection	Plasmid	Phase 2	Completed	Safe but transient improvement in myocardial perfusion	[20,21]
NCT02928094	FGF-4	Myocardial infarction	Intracoronary administration	Adenovirus-5 (Ad5)	Phase 3	Not yet recruiting	Terminated for ASPIRE; not yet recruiting for AFFIRM	[22,23,24,25]
NCT04125732	VEGF	Refractory angina coronary	Transthoracic epicardial procedure	XC001 (AdVEGFXC1)	Phase 2	Recruiting	\	[26]
NCT04179643	I-1 transgene (AA 1-65 with T35D)	Heart failure	Intracoronary infusion	BNP116 AAV	Phase 1	Recruiting	\	[27]