| PDUD | people with drug use disorders |
| GP | the general population |
| CNN | convolutional neural networks |
| DALYs | disability-adjusted life-years |
| EDs | emergency departments |
| DR | diabetic retinopathy |
| AUC | area under the curve |
| mHealth | mobile health |
| LR | learning rates |
| BN | batch normalization |
| SGD | stochastic gradient descent |
| Adam | adaptive moment estimation |
| Grad-CAM | gradient weighted class activation mapping |