3-OHM	3-hydroxymelatonin
Aβ	β-amyloid peptide
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADP	adenosine diphosphate
AICD	amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ANT	adenine nucleotide translocator
APP	amyloid precursor protein
ASC	apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
CL	cardiolipin
CYB5R3	NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
Cyt	c cytochrome c
DDX3(X)	DEAD-box RNA helicase
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
eIF2a	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FTO	frontotemporal dementia
FUS	fused in sarcoma
H+	proton
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
IDP	intrinsically disordered protein
IDR	intrinsically disordered region
IMM	inner mitochondrial membrane
Lo	liquid-ordered
Lc	circular liquid-condensed
Ld	liquid-disordered
LLPS	liquid–liquid phase separation
m6A	N6-methyladenosine
mM	millimolar
μM	micromolar
MDM2	mouse double minute 2 homolog
MLO	membraneless organelle
MAM	mitochondria-associated membrane
MOM	mitochondrial outer membrane
mPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore
mRNA	messenger RNA
MT	microtubule
NE	nuclear envelope
NFT	neurofibrillary tangles
NLRP3	NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (inflammasome)
nM	nanomolar
NPC	nuclear pore complex
O2•−	superoxide radical
•OH	hydroxyl radical
•OOH	hydroperoxyl radical
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PD	Parkinson’s disorder
PDC	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PDK	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
Pi	inorganic phosphate
PLD	prion-like domain
PML	promyelocytic leukemia proteins
PTM	post-translational modification
RNA	ribonucleic acid
RBP	RNA-binding protein
RNP	ribonucleoprotein
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RP	ribosomal protein
SG	stress granule
SUMO	small ubiquitin-like modifier
TCA	tricarboxylic acid (cycle)
TDP-43	TAR DNA-binding protein 43
Ub	ubiquitin
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1
UPS	ubiquitin-protease system
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion channel
ZFP217	zinc finger protein 217