| HMOs | Human Milk Oligosaccharide |
| SCFAs | Short-Chain Fatty Acids |
| Gal | β-d-galactose |
| Glc | β-d-glucose |
| GlcNAc | β-d-N-acetyglucosamine |
| Fuc | α-l-fucose |
| Sia | sialic acid α-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid |
| LNnT | Lacto-N-neotetraose |
| LNT | Lacto-N-tetraose |
| LNT-II | Lacto-N-triose II |
| 2′-FL | 2′-fucosyllactose |
| 3-FL | 3-fucosyllactose |
| 3′-SL | 3′-sialyllactose |
| 6′-SL | 6-’sialyllactose |
| LNFP-I | Lacto-N-fucopentaose I |
| LNFP-II | Lacto-N-fucopentaose II |
| LNFP-III | Lacto-N-fucopentaose III |
| Th2 | T helper 2 lymphocyte |
| IL-4 | Interleukin-4 |
| IFN-γ | Interferon gamma |
| IgE | Immunoglobulin E |
| Th | T helper |
| DSLNT | disialyllacto-N-tetraose |
| LDFT | Lactodifucotetraose |
| LNDFH-I | Lacto-N-difucoesaose I |
| LNDFH-II | Lacto-N-difucohesaose II |
| DFLNH | difucosyllacto-N-hexaose |
| LNH | Lacto-N-hexaose |
| LNnFP-V | Lacto-N-neofucopentaose V |
| LNF-I | Lacto-N-fucopentaose |
| 3′-GL | 3′-galactosyllactose |
| 6′-GL | 6′-galactosyllactose |
| MAPK | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase |
| TRL | Toll Like Receptor |
| Sieglecs | sialic acid binding Immunoglobulin-like lectins |
| APC | Antigen Presenting Cells |
| TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| NEC | necrotizing enterocolitis |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| LC | lectin receptors |