Figure 2.

The 2020 experiment photo. The study was performed in 10–12 replications of six treatments in pots in a greenhouse throughout a full maize growing season and examined the effect of pre-growth of winter crops (clover or wheat) and maintaining soil integrity (by avoiding tillage) on late wilt disease. Commercial field soil after the winter growing season of clover and wheat and soil after the winter without early winter growing were used. The soils were divided, and simulation of conventional tillage or no-tillage was applied before moving the field soil to 10 L pots. The soils were inoculated with M. maydis, the late wilt disease causal agent, and sown with the susceptible maize hybrid Prelude cv.