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. 2021 Sep 25;21:1748. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11729-1

Table 4.

Baseline costs among the study participants, Anambra State (N = 48)

Type of cost Participants reporting expenditure
N (%)
Mean (SD) costs in US$ Cost (% of total)
Out-of-Pocket Costs
 Fetching clean water for chores and self-care 14 (29.2) 2.71 (4.88) 3.1
 Persons to assist with your work 8 (16.7) 3.02 (8.82) 3.5
 Getting persons to care for your children 0 (0) 0 (0) 0
 Transportation to clinic/doctor/traditional healer 32 (66.7) 7.36 (11.24) 8.5
 Transportation costs to work/school 5 (10.4) 0.41 (1.94) 0.5
 Transportation costs to/from market 7 (14.6) 0.99 (3.32) 1.1
 Transportation costs to/from social events 12 (25) 1.37 (2.94) 1.6
 Self-care materials (soap, clean clothing, etc) 30 (62.5) 3.19 (7.23) 3.7
 Wound care materials 28 (58.3) 6.56 (9.33) 7.6
 Traditional healers 18 (37.5) 44.74 (124.0) 51.7
 Caregiver/helper 10 (20.8) 2.94 (6.65) 3.4
 Painkillers (or analgesics) 34 (70.8) 9.72 (17.02) 11.2
 Antibiotics 13 (27.1) 2.34 (5.70) 2.7
 Antifungal 3 (6.3) 0.10 (0.45) 0.1
 Special footwear / clothing 2 (4.2) 0.22 (1.08) 0.3
 Mobility assistance / devices 3 (6.3) 0.87 (3.75) 1.0
Mean out-of-pocket costs 86.54 (134.22)
Earnings Loss
 Mean (SD) income loss due to job change per month 10.80 (40.11)
 Mean (SD) income loss due to inability to work in the previous month 27.58 (35.71)
 Total mean earnings loss 38.38 (54.43)
Total Patient Costs 124.92
Caregiver Costs
 Mean (SD) value in US$ of time lost to care for participant (hours 4.02) 1.46
 Mean (SD) value in US$ of workdays lost to care for participant (2.1 days) 6.11
7.57 (13.87)
Total Household Costs 132.49 (151.67)

1$US = N310 Naira